Measurement of dynamic soil-pipe axial interaction for full-scale buried pipelines

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Colton ◽  
P.H.P. Chang ◽  
H.E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Axial Interaction ◽  
Soil Pipe

Effects of Slope Grade on Soil-Pipe Interaction: Full-Scale Experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Katebi ◽  
Dharma Wijewickreme ◽  
Pooneh Maghoul ◽  
Kshama Roy
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Sloping Ground ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Surface Inclination ◽  
Soil Pipe

Abstract In the current industry practice guidelines, the soil restraints to assess the behaviour of pipelines subject to permanent ground displacements are numerically characterized using independent “soil springs”. These guidelines have been primarily generated by considering the typical configurations of buried pipelines in level ground. The assumption of level ground does not always hold true when assessing pipelines located on sloping ground in mountainous areas and riverbanks. This research presents the outcomes from a set of full-scale physical model tests conducted on a pipe buried in slopes. The results highlight the significance of the slope grade effects on soil-pipe interaction. The results are useful as input to modify soil springs accounting for the ground surface inclination.

Soil-Pipe Interaction Models for the Simulation of Buried Steel Pipeline Behaviour Against Geohazards

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Sarvanis ◽  
Spyros A. Karamanos ◽  
Polynikis Vazouras ◽  
Panos Dakoulas ◽  
Elisabetta Mecozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Rigorous Model ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Soil Pipe

Hydrocarbon pipelines constructed in geohazards areas, are subjected to ground-induced actions, associated with the development of severe strains in the pipeline and constitute major threats for their structural integrity. In the course of pipeline design, calculation of those strains is necessary for safeguarding pipeline integrity, and the development of reliable analytical/numerical design tools that account for soil-pipe interaction is required. In the present paper, soil-pipe interaction models for buried steel pipelines subjected to severe ground-induced actions are presented. First, two numerical methodologies, (simplified and rigorous) and one analytical are presented and compared, followed by an experimental verification; transversal soil-pipe interaction is examined through full-scale experimental testing, and comparisons of numerical simulations with rigorous finite element models are reported. Furthermore, the rigorous model is compared with the results from a special-purpose full-scale “landslide/fault” experimental test in order to examine the soil-pipe interaction in a complex loading conditions. Finally, the verified rigorous model is compared with both the simplified models and the analytical methodology.

Development of Soil Restraints for Buried Pipelines in Muskeg Soils Subjected to Lateral Ground Displacements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma Wijewickreme ◽  
Thushara Jayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Soil Pipe

Abstract A systematic research program was undertaken with the objective of developing quantitative geotechnical parameters to support soil-pipe interaction assessment for buried pipelines in muskeg. For this purpose, a field geotechnical investigation program comprising cone penetration testing (SCPT) with shear wave velocity (Vs) measurements, electronic field vane shear testing (eVST), full-flow ball penetration testing (BPT), and pressuremeter testing (PMT), along with fixed-piston tube soil sampling was undertaken in a muskeg soil terrain. The data from field testing were initially interpreted to obtain typical stiffness and strength parameters for the subject soils. These parameters were then used to numerically simulate pressuremeter tests and the results were compared with those obtained from field pressuremeter testing; the intent was to calibrate a suitable constitutive model to represent the muskeg soil mass. These ascalibrated constitutive model was then applied on numerical models developed to simulate buried pipelines in muskeg soil subject to relative lateral ground movements. The work is aimed at developing a framework to generate soil restraint versus relative ground displacement relations (“soil springs”) to assess soil-pipe interaction of pipelines buried in muskeg soils. Initial results from the research are presented herein, with a comparison made between soil springs developed from numerical analyses and those generated from current practice guidelines.

FULL-SCALE LABORATORTY TESTING OF SOIL-PIPE INTERACTION IN BRANCHED POLYETHYLENE PIPELINES

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Anderson ◽  
D. Wijewickreme ◽  
C. Ventura ◽  
A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Branched Polyethylene ◽  
Soil Pipe

scholarly journals On Longitudinal Propagation of a Ductile Fracture in a Buried Gas Pipeline: Numerical and Experimental Analysis

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Berardo ◽  
P. Salvini ◽  
G. Mannucci ◽  
G. Demofonti
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Finite Element Code ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Real Phenomenon ◽  
Buried Gas Pipeline ◽  
Soil Pipe

The work deals with the development of a finite element code, named PICPRO (PIpe Crack PROpagation), for the analysis of ductile fracture propagation in buried gas pipelines. Driving force estimate is given in terms of CTOA and computed during simulations; its value is then compared with the material parameter CTOAc, inferred by small specimen tests, to evaluate the toughness of a given line pipe. Some relevant aspects are considered in the modelling with the aim to simulate the real phenomenon, namely ductile fracture mechanism, gas decompression behaviour and soil backfill constraint. The gas decompression law is calculated outside the finite element code by means of experimental data from full-scale burst tests coupled with classical shock tube solution. The validation is performed on the basis of full-scale propagation experiments, carried out on typical pipeline layouts, and includes verification of global plastic displacements and strains, CTOA values and soil-pipe interaction pressures.

Response of Buried District Heating Pipelines Under Relative Axial Movements

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Huber ◽  
Dharma Wijewickreme
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pullout Resistance ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Soil Pipe

District heating (DH) systems are commonly used in urban areas to distribute thermal energy from central heat sources. Buried pipes, with a composite cross-sectional construction, are used transport a heated medium, usually water. These pipes expand and contract radially and axially due to changing water temperatures, invoking soil-pipe interaction situations during operation, and potentially leading to significant pipeline material strains. A series of full-scale tests were undertaken to specifically investigate the influence of thermal expansion on axial pullout resistance using DH pipes buried in sand in a full-scale soil-pipe interaction test chamber. During testing, the pipe is filled with water that is subjected to temperature changes to simulate field conditions. Axial pipe pull-out tests were conducted after applying a given “heating history” with axial pullout force and displacements recorded. The work leads to better understanding of soil-pipe interaction mechanisms generating currently scarce data needed for robust and cost-effective designs of DH pipe systems.

Fracture Propagation in Underwater Gas Pipelines

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Maxey
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Fracture Velocity

Two full-scale ductile fracture propagation experiments on segments of line pipe pressurized with nitrogen gas have been conducted underwater at a depth of 40 ft (12 m) to evaluate the ductile fracture phenomenon in underwater pipelines. The pipes were 22-in. (559-mm) diameter and 42-in. (1067-mm) diameter. Fracture velocities were measured and arrest conditions were observed. The overpressure in the water surrounding the pipe resulting from the release of the compressed nitrogen gas contained in the pipe was measured in both experiments. The overpressure in the water reduces the stress in the pipe wall and thus slows down the fracture. In addition, the water surrounding the pipe appears to be more effective than soil backfill in producing a slower fracture velocity. Both of these effects suggest a greater tendency toward arrest for a pipeline underwater than would be the case for the same pipeline buried in soil onshore. Further verification of this effect is planned and a modified version of the existing model for predicting ductile fracture in buried pipelines will be developed for underwater pipelines.

Laboratory Testing of Full-Scale Pipes Partially Embedded in Soil to Study Soil-Pipe Interaction of Offshore Seabed Oil and Gas Pipelines: Initial Observations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan S. Amarasinghe ◽  
Dharma Wijewickreme ◽  
Hisham T. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Aspect ◽  
Soil Pipe

The geotechnical aspect of the design of off-shore oil and gas pipelines is a challenge due to inherent uncertainties in predicting soil-pipe interaction behaviour. Physical modeling is often sought after to gain insight into such problems. This is especially true for pipelines laid in deep waters that are partially embedded in the seabed. This paper presents initial observations arising from full-scale laboratory simulations of typical soil-pipe interaction scenarios of partially buried steel pipes. Bare and epoxy-coated NPS18 steel pipes, each measuring 2.5 m in length, were separately tested in a soil chamber by simulating: (i) lateral pipe displacement; and (ii) longitudinal pipe displacement, under partial embedment in two idealized soil bed models, i.e., in a coarse-grained soil bed model with full drainage, and a fully-saturated fine-grained soil bed model with partial drainage.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Light-Weight Backfill for Enhancement of Earthquake Resistance of Buried Pipelines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sakanoue ◽  
Koji Yoshizaki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Hydraulic Jack ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Effect Of Light ◽  
Peak Value

In this paper, the effect of light-weight backfill was evaluated for reducing the soil-pipelines interaction. To investigate the effect of light-weight backfill, full-scale experiments were conducted. 100-mm-diameter pipeline was buried in the ground assuming a pipeline buried under roads. Then, the pipeline was pushed into the ground horizontally with a hydraulic jack and the reaction force was measured. The result showed that light-weight backfill had significant effect on the soil-pipelines interaction. In the case when EPS (Expand Poly Styrene) or EGW (Expanded Glass Waste) was used for backfill, the peak value of measured reaction force was less than that of the case when compacted sand was used for backfill. As a result, using light-weight for backfill in area where PGD is expected, the effect of reducing the soil-pipelines interaction and the earthquake-resistance can be increased.

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