The influence of stress treatment on femur cortical bone porosity and medullary bone status in Japanese quail selected for high and low blood corticosterone response to stress

1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G Satterlee ◽  
E.D Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response

scholarly journals Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a novel model to study the relationship between the avian microbiome and microbial endocrinology-based host-microbe interactions

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Lyte ◽  
James Keane ◽  
Julia Eckenberger ◽  
Nicholas Anthony ◽  
Sandip Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Microbial endocrinology, which is the study of neuroendocrine-based interkingdom signaling, provides a causal mechanistic framework for understanding the bi-directional crosstalk between the host and microbiome, especially as regards the effect of stress on health and disease. The importance of the cecal microbiome in avian health is well-recognized, yet little is understood regarding the mechanisms underpinning the avian host-microbiome relationship. Neuroendocrine plasticity of avian tissues that are focal points of host-microbiome interaction, such as the gut and lung, has likewise received limited attention. Avian in vivo models that enable the study of the neuroendocrine dynamic between host and microbiome are needed. As such, we utilized Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) that diverge in corticosterone response to stress to examine the relationship between stress-related neurochemical concentrations at sites of host-microbe interaction, such as the gut, and the cecal microbiome. Results Our results demonstrate that birds which contrast in corticosterone response to stress show profound separation in cecal microbial community structure as well as exhibit differences in tissue neurochemical concentrations and structural morphologies of the gut. Changes in neurochemicals known to be affected by the microbiome were also identified in tissues outside of the gut, suggesting a potential relationship in birds between the cecal microbiome and overall avian physiology. Conclusions The present study provides the first evidence that the structure of the avian cecal microbial community is shaped by selection pressure on the bird for neuroendocrine response to stress. Identification of unique region-dependent neurochemical changes in the intestinal tract following stress highlights environmental stressors as potential drivers of microbial endocrinology-based mechanisms of avian host-microbiome dialogue. Together, these results demonstrate that tissue neurochemical concentrations in the avian gut may be related to the cecal microbiome and reveal the Japanese quail as a novel avian model in which to further examine the mechanisms underpinning these relationships.

scholarly journals Effect of Age on Bone Structure Parameters in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Yamada ◽  
Chongxiao Chen ◽  
Toshie Sugiyama ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tibial Diaphysis

Changes in medullary and cortical bone structure with age remain unclear. Twenty Hy-Line W36 hens, 25 or 52 weeks of age, were euthanized, and both tibiae were collected when an egg was present in the magnum. Serial cross sections of the tibiae were stained with Alcian blue. The bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Trabecular width (Tb.Wi) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 25-week-old hens, whereas medullary bone tissue volume (TV) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 52-week-old hens. 25-week-old hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) bone volume fraction (BVF = calcified tissue / TV). Moreover, the cortical bone parameters were significantly higher (TV and bone mineral content (BMC) at p < 0.05, and bone volume (BV) and BVF at p < 0.01) in younger hens. Open porosity and total porosity, which indicate less density, were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in older hens. Older hens showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) tibial diaphysis TV than younger hens. Younger hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) BV, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibial diaphysis. These findings reveal that reductions in medullary bone quality might be associated with age-related low estrogen levels and stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by parathyroid hormone. Cortical bone quality decreased with enlargement of the Haversian canals and loss of volume, with a longer egg-laying period leading to osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone response to stress in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. R1332-R1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Suchecki ◽  
Sergio Tufik
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
Adrenal Response

Twenty-four hours of maternal deprivation result in activation of the infant rat’s adrenocortical axis. In the present study we examined the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone (Cort) response to stress. Pups were maternally deprived (Dep) on postnatal day( PND) 11 and tested immediately ( PND 12) or returned to their mothers and tested at later ages. Testing consisted of a time course of the Cort response to a saline injection (5, 15, 30, and 60 min). At PND 12, the response of Dep pups was higher than that of nondeprived (non-Dep) pups. No group differences were observed at PND 16 and 22. On PND 30, Dep rats showed lower Cort levels than non-Dep pups at 0, 5, and 30 min after saline. At PND 60, non-Dep females showed higher Cort levels than males at 5, 15, and 30 min. This gender difference for Dep pups was observed only at 5 min. Male and female Dep animals presented lower Cort levels than non-Dep counterparts at 60 and 30 min after saline, respectively. These findings indicate that maternal deprivation effects on Cort secretion are long lasting. Dep rats showed a smaller adrenal response to stress at PND 30, whereas as adults the stress response was similar but the turnoff was different.

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