scholarly journals Effect of Age on Bone Structure Parameters in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Yamada ◽  
Chongxiao Chen ◽  
Toshie Sugiyama ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tibial Diaphysis

Changes in medullary and cortical bone structure with age remain unclear. Twenty Hy-Line W36 hens, 25 or 52 weeks of age, were euthanized, and both tibiae were collected when an egg was present in the magnum. Serial cross sections of the tibiae were stained with Alcian blue. The bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Trabecular width (Tb.Wi) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 25-week-old hens, whereas medullary bone tissue volume (TV) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 52-week-old hens. 25-week-old hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) bone volume fraction (BVF = calcified tissue / TV). Moreover, the cortical bone parameters were significantly higher (TV and bone mineral content (BMC) at p < 0.05, and bone volume (BV) and BVF at p < 0.01) in younger hens. Open porosity and total porosity, which indicate less density, were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in older hens. Older hens showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) tibial diaphysis TV than younger hens. Younger hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) BV, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibial diaphysis. These findings reveal that reductions in medullary bone quality might be associated with age-related low estrogen levels and stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by parathyroid hormone. Cortical bone quality decreased with enlargement of the Haversian canals and loss of volume, with a longer egg-laying period leading to osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Cortical bone dynamics, strength, and densitometry after induction of emphysema in hamsters

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill E. Shea ◽  
Scott C. Miller ◽  
David C. Poole ◽  
John P. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Recent evidence suggests that patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are also at an increased risk of developing osteoporosis. The pathophysiological mechanism(s) linking these progressive diseases is unknown. The goal of this investigation was to determine whether there were alterations in bone mineral density and content, cortical bone structure and strength, and indexes of bone formation and resorption in the elastase-induced emphysematous hamster. At 3 wk after induction of emphysema, the femoral bone mineral content was 8% less ( P = 0.026) and the femoral fracture strength was 6% less ( P = 0.032) in the emphysematous hamster than in controls. The cortical area was 8.4% less ( P = 0.013) and the periosteal mineral appositional rate was 27% less ( P = 0.05) than in controls. Additionally, the endocortical eroded surface in the emphysematous group was about twice that in the control group ( P = 0.003). Differences in some indexes of bone formation and resorption, paralleled by differences in bone structure and strength, were observed 3 wk after induction of emphysema. These differences in skeletal metabolism and strength may help explain some of the skeletal changes associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in humans.

scholarly journals Fam3c modulates osteogenic cell differentiation and affects bone volume and cortical bone mineral density

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma A Määttä ◽  
Ameya Bendre ◽  
Mervi Laanti ◽  
Kalman G Büki ◽  
Pia Rantakari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Osteogenic Cell ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Bone Mineral Density

Effect of Bone Composition on the Fracture Toughness of Cortical Bone

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 514-518
Author(s):  
Chuan Shao Wu ◽  
Fu Tsai Chiang ◽  
Jui Pin Hung
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mineral Fraction ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
The Relationship

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of the bone compositions on the fracture toughness of bovine cortical bone. A series of the SENB bovine cortical bone specimens were tested to assess the fracture toughness. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was applied to determine the mineral content of each bovine cortical specimen and hence the porosity and bone mineral fraction were measured. Current results indicate that the mean value fracture toughness is 9.37 MNm3/2. Moreover, the fracture toughness was found to be significantly correlated with the apparent wet bone density and porosity of bone structure. No apparent correlations are found among clinical BMD and mechanical properties, implying that the BMD is an invalid indicator of the bone properties. Additionally, the tested data were fitted to the relationship, based on power law model, that the fracture toughness increase as a power (1.526) of increasing volume fraction and as a power of increasing bone mineral fraction (0.8195). These data indicate that small changes in the amount or density of compact bone tissue exert a more pronounced influence on fracture property.

scholarly journals Femoral bone mineral density reflects histologically determined cortical bone volume in hemodialysis patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Adragao ◽  
J. Herberth ◽  
M.-C. Monier-Faugere ◽  
A. J. Branscum ◽  
A. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Bone Mineral Density

scholarly journals Effect of Senolytic to alleviating Osteoporosis in Mice induced by Retinoic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Yazhe Xiao ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Lian He
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Group A

Senolytic is a potential new anti-aging drug, and it is worth exploring whether it has an inhibitory effect on osteoporosis. Osteoporosis models in mice were established by gavage of retinoic acid(RA), and Senolytic drugs (dasatinib and quercetin) were used to treat for 8w. Serological indexes were measured, and bone mineral density was detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, then parameters of trabecular bone were quantified by μCT, by which three-dimensional images of lumbar trabecular bone were rebuild for comprehensive analysis. In osteoporosis model mice the content of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase in mice were increased, the bone mineral density decreased, bone volume fraction and trabecular number decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation increased significantly. After applying the Senolytic drug, the serum calcium of group A and B were significantly lower than that of the blank control group. The alkaline phosphatase content in the two groups was (272.5±42.7)U/L and (258.4±90.2)U/L, which was also significantly lower than that in the blank control group (389.0±31.1)U/L. After the treatment of Senolytic, the bone mineral density of group A and group B were improved, the bone volume fraction were increased compared with the blank control group. The trabecular bone separation of the two groups was significantly reduced. Therefore, these reduced osteoporosis. From our study, it can be confirmed that the senolytic drug has a certain alleviating effect on osteoporosis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Combination of Alendronate and Human Parathyroid Hormone(1–34) on Bone Strength Are Synergistic in the Lumbar Vertebra and Additive in the Femur of C57BL/6J Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (9) ◽  
pp. 4466-4474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Johnston ◽  
Sharon Andrews ◽  
Victor Shen ◽  
Felicia Cosman ◽  
Robert Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density

A cyclic PTH regimen is as effective as a daily regimen on bone density gain in humans and in improving bone quality in mice. Our previous murine study evaluated the effects of a cyclic PTH regimen in the absence of a bisphosphonate, whereas our human study addressed the effects of a cyclic PTH regimen in the presence of ongoing alendronate (ALN) treatment. Accordingly, the current study examined the effects of cyclic or daily PTH regimens in combination with ALN on bone quality and bone density in mice. Twenty-week-old, female C57BL/6J mice were treated with the following sc injections (n = 10): 1) vehicle for 5 d/wk (control); 2) ALN (20 μg/kg·d) 3 d/wk (ALN); 3) human PTH(1–34) (40 μg/kg·d) 5 d/wk (daily PTH); 4) daily PTH in addition to ALN (daily PTH plus ALN); 5) PTH 5 d/wk and vehicle 5 d/wk alternating weekly (cyclic PTH); 6) cyclic PTH in addition to ALN (cyclic PTH plus ALN); and 7) PTH and ALN alternating weekly (alt PTH and ALN). Bone mineral density was measured weekly by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and at 7 wk, bone markers, bone structure, and bone strength were evaluated by biochemical assays, peripheral quantitative computed tomography and mechanical testing, respectively. At 7 wk, all treatments significantly increased femoral and vertebral bone mineral density. ALN slightly decreased endosteal circumference, whereas PTH increased periosteal circumference, resulting in significant increases in femoral cortical thickness in all groups. PTH and ALN enhanced bone strength synergistically in the lumbar vertebrae and additively in the femur. Combined therapy, however, had no effects on bone markers. The results show that combinations of ALN and PTH, in both daily and cyclic regimens, produce more beneficial effects than treatment with either agent alone, suggesting that the mechanisms of actions of ALN and PTH on bone quality may be complementary.

scholarly journals The calcium-sensing receptor complements parathyroid hormone-induced bone turnover in discrete skeletal compartments in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (7) ◽  
pp. E841-E851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingben Xue ◽  
Yongjun Xiao ◽  
Jingning Liu ◽  
Andrew C. Karaplis ◽  
Martin R. Pollak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Sensing

Although the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may each exert skeletal effects, it is uncertain how CaSR and PTH interact at the level of bone in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Therefore, we simulated PHPT with 2 wk of continuous PTH infusion in adult mice with deletion of the PTH gene ( Pth−/− mice) and with deletion of both PTH and CaSR genes ( Pth−/−- Casr −/− mice) and compared skeletal phenotypes. PTH infusion in Pth−/− mice increased cortical bone turnover, augmented cortical porosity, and reduced cortical bone volume, femoral bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC); these effects were markedly attenuated in PTH-infused Pth−/−- Casr−/− mice. In the absence of CaSR, the PTH-stimulated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and PTH-stimulated osteoclastogenesis was also reduced. In trabecular bone, PTH-induced increases in bone turnover, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular number were lower in Pth−/−- Casr−/− mice than in Pth−/− mice. PTH-stimulated genetic markers of osteoblast activity were also lower. These results are consistent with a role for CaSR in modulating both PTH-induced bone resorption and PTH-induced bone formation in discrete skeletal compartments.

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