A simple theoretical model of steady-state electrogenic transfer of reactive species across membranes

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jenard ◽  
H.D. Hurwitz ◽  
F. Homble
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model

CONNECTIVITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2148-2172
Author(s):  
Adriaan van Zon ◽  
Evans Mupela
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Scale Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Communication Costs ◽  
Central Planner ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
State Growth ◽  
Connected Communities

We present a simple theoretical model that illustrates the benefits of regional connectivity and specialization for growth. Starting with one community, we show how welfare measured by utility per head increases as the number of connected communities increases. We assume a common connectivity infrastructure through which a central planner is able to add new communities to the pool of already connected communities, a costly but rewarding activity that is funded by levying a tax on those already connected. We find that increasing production costs lead to faster transitions toward the steady state, whereas increasing transportation and communication costs tend to lengthen the transition. The results point to reductions in transportation and communication costs, in particular, as a suitable vehicle for speeding up growth and underline the existence of a positive scale effect that induces integration and reinforces both transitional and steady state growth.

scholarly journals Incumbent and Entrant Bidding in Scoring Rule Auctions: A Study on Italian Canteen Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Camboni ◽  
Paola Valbonesi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Scoring Rule ◽  
The Public ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Original Dataset

AbstractWe empirically investigate incumbents’ and entrants’ bids on an original dataset of 192 scoring rule auctions for canteen services in Italy. Our findings show that winning rebates are lower (i.e., prices paid by the public buyer are higher) when the contract is awarded to the incumbent supplier. This result is not explained by the observable characteristics of the auction or the service awarded. We develop a simple theoretical model showing that the result is consistent with a setting in which the buyer exploits specific information on the incumbent supplier’s production cost.

scholarly journals Market Choices Driven by Reference Groups: A Comparison of Analytical and Simulation Results on Random Networks

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Michał Ramsza
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
High Connectivity ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Two Equilibria

The present paper reports simulation results for a simple model of reference group influence on market choices, e.g., brand selection. The model was simulated on three types of random graphs, Erdos–Renyi, Barabasi–Albert, and Watts–Strogatz. The estimates of equilibria based on the simulation results were compared to the equilibria of the theoretical model. It was verified that the simulations exhibited the same qualitative behavior as the theoretical model, and for graphs with high connectivity and low clustering, the quantitative predictions offered a viable approximation. These results allowed extending the results from the simple theoretical model to networks. Thus, by increasing the positive response towards the reference group, the third party may create a bistable situation with two equilibria at which respective brands dominate the market. This task is easier for large reference groups.

scholarly journals Modelling the light-ion densities in the ionosphere

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Analytical Functions ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
Upper Ionosphere ◽  
Existing Data

A steady-state theoretical model is used to obtain variations of the H+/O+ and He+/O+ density ratios in the upper ionosphere at middle latitudes. The model results are compared with the existing data from satellite measurements. Analytical functions are constructed approximating the latitude and altitude variations of these ratios.

scholarly journals Theoretical Bounds on Electron Energy Filtering in Disordered Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro Dodin ◽  
Brian F. Aull ◽  
Roderick R. Kunz ◽  
Adam Willard
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Discrete Energy ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Particle Polydispersity ◽  
Electron Energy Filtering ◽  
Individual Nanoparticles

This manuscript presents a theoretical model for determining the electron energy filtering properties of nanocomposite materials. Individual nanoparticles can serve as energy filters for tunneling electrons due their discretized energy levels. Nanomaterials comprised of many individual nanoparticles can in principle serve the same purpose, however, particle polydispersity can lead to an additional source of energetic broadening. We describe a simple theoretical model that includes the effects of discrete energy levels and inhomogeneous broadening. We use this model to identify the material parameters needed for effective energy filtering by quantum dot solids.

Analytical approach for transient photoconductivity in undoped a-Si:H

1995 ◽  
Vol 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goerlitzer ◽  
P. Pipoz ◽  
H. Beck ◽  
N. Wyrsch ◽  
A. V. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Recombination Time ◽  
Sample Quality ◽  
Transient Photoconductivity ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTTransient photoconductive response of undoped a-Si:H has been studied; the changes were analysed between two slightly different steady-state illumination conditions, at room temperature. A theoretical model is developed to describe transient photoconductivity; it yields good agreement with the measured curves for a whole range of light intensities. Numerical evaluations allows one to extract the recombination time of electrons. Comparison with steady-state photoconductivity yields a band mobility of free electrons between 0.1 and 6 cm2V−1s−1, depending upon sample quality.

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