The impact of copper pollution on water foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis sobol.) populations and winter weed communities in rice fields

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Morishima ◽  
Hiko-Ichi Oka
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Copper Pollution

Pengaruh Konversi Lahan terhadap Strategi Pemanfaatan Modal Nafkah Rumah Tangga Buruh Tani

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Hesti Prastiwi ◽  
Martua Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
The Impact

Lahan merupakan salah satu sumber daya agraria yang sangat penting bagi petani dikarenakan lahan merupakan salah satu sumber untuk bertahan hidup. Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan. Pembangunan yang terjadi di Indonesia semakin masif, menimbulkan konversi lahan bersifat permanen ketika lahan sawah beririgasi berubah menjadi kawasan pemukiman atau industri. Konversi lahan yang terjadi menyebabkan hilangnya beberapa atau seluruh modal nafkah yang ada. Perubahan modal nafkah ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan strategi nafkah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak konversi lahan terhadap strategi nafkah dan pengaruh pemanfaatan  modal nafkah  terhadap strategi nafkah rumah tangga. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Desa Pasirgaok, Kecamatan Rancabungur, Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan untuk menggali fakta, data, dan informasi dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner yang didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui wawancara dan studi literatur hingga diperoleh hasil bahwa dampak konversi lahan mempengaruhi modal dan strategi nafkah.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, konversi lahan, modal nafkah, strategi nafkah=====ABSTRACTLand is one of the most important agrarian resources for farmers because land is one source of livelihood survival. According to Constitution Number 41 Year 2009 on concerning The Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture. The development that is taking place in Indonesia is increasingly massive leading to permanent land conversion when technical irrigated rice fields change into residential or industrial areas. The land conversion that occurs causes a loss of some or all existing livelihood asset. This change in livelihood asset will result in a change in farmers livelihood strategies. This study aims to analyze the influence of the impact of land conversion towards livelihood strategies and the influence of the utilization of livelihood asset towards the livelihood strategies households. The location of this research is Pasirgaok Village, Rancabungur District, Bogor Regency. The method used to extract facts, data, and information in the research is the quantitative approach through survey method with questionnaires supported by qualitative data through interview and literature study until it is obtained that the impact of land conversion towards landless farmer household’s assets and livelihood strategies.Keywords: land conversion, landless farmer, livelihood asset, livelihood strategies

scholarly journals Justification of elements of rice cultivation technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Malysheva ◽  
Anna Khadzhidi ◽  
Evgeny Kuznetsov ◽  
Noureldin Sharaby ◽  
Alexander Koltsov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to identify the impact of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation on rice productivity and soil fertility of irrigated lands of the Krasnodar region. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the density of weed seedlings after sprinkler irrigation, the content of water-soluble salts and humus in the soil of rice fields, and the reaction of an intensive variety of rice cultivated after irrigation and drainage techniques in rice fields were completed. Material and methods. Field studies were carried out on the Kuban irrigation system of the Krasnodar territory, which is the most typical in terms of soil conditions for the western climatic zone of the region, with various variants for sprinkler irrigation after major planning of basins. An intensive of Rapan rice variety was used. The methods of the Federal Research Center for Rice, the Kuban State Agrarian University, and Russian standards were applied. Conclusions, the obtained results of the conducted studies prove the effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation, increase soil fertility, rice productivity, and contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products without herbicides treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of Protists on the Activity and Structure of the Bacterial Community in a Rice Field Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 5436-5444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Murase ◽  
Matthias Noll ◽  
Peter Frenzel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Protistan Grazing ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Flooded rice fields have become a model system for the study of soil microbial ecology. In Italian rice fields, in particular, aspects from biogeochemistry to molecular ecology have been studied, but the impact of protistan grazing on the structure and function of the prokaryotic community has not been examined yet. We compared an untreated control soil with a γ-radiation-sterilized soil that had been reinoculated with a natural bacterial assemblage. In order to verify that the observed effects were due to protistan grazing and did not result from sterilization, we set up a third set of microcosms containing sterilized soil that had been reinoculated with natural assemblage bacteria plus protists. The spatial and temporal changes in the protistan and prokaryotic communities were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, respectively, both based on the small-subunit gene. Sequences retrieved from DGGE bands were preferentially affiliated with Cercozoa and other bacteriovorous flagellates. Without protists, the level of total DNA increased with incubation time, indicating that the level of the microbial biomass was elevated. Betaproteobacteria were preferentially preyed upon, while low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria became more dominant under grazing pressure. The bacterial diversity detectable by T-RFLP analysis was greater in the presence of protists. The level of extractable NH4 + was lower and the level of extractable SO4 2− was higher without protists, indicating that nitrogen mineralization and SO4 2− reduction were stimulated by protists. Most of these effects were more obvious in the partially oxic surface layer (0 to 3 mm), but they could also be detected in the anoxic subsurface layer (10 to 13 mm). Our observations fit well into the overall framework developed for protistan grazing, but with some modifications pertinent to the wetland situation: O2 was a major control, and O2 availability may have limited directly and indirectly the development of protists. Although detectable in the lower anoxic layer, grazing effects were much more obvious in the partially oxic surface layer.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN KONSTRUKSI PENGENDALI SEDIMEN (CHEKDAM) DI HILIR KALI PACAL BOJONEGORO

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Harjono Harjono ◽  
Yulis Widhiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
The Impact

<p>Meeting the needs and maintaining the availability of water is an effort where a situation where the area is usually not run by water such as settlements, industrial areas, and other public facilities. This situation is considered to be detrimental to both morally and materially, the impact of which will directly be felt by humans. Therefore humans must balance between needs and natural conditions.</p><p>Please note that the Klepek Dam is one of the buildings that functions as a water reservoir after the Pacal Reservoir for irrigation needs in the rice fields. To realize the success of quality Dam buildings and able to function as planned, it is needed by making check dam using concrete consumption.</p>From studies and calculations that have been done using software, AutoCad, and Harpes calculation methods, it is known the impact of flood discharge and cross section in the Lusi watershed to determine whether or not the cross section of the Pacal Reservoir is necessary. The problem of holding water in the Pacal Reservoir is overcome by making check dam using concrete consumption

scholarly journals Short communication. The role of rabbit density and the diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops in olive groves

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e03SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guerrero-Casado ◽  
Antonio J. Carpio ◽  
Laura M. Prada ◽  
Francisco S. Tortosa
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

<p>Cover crops are an effective means to reduce soil erosion and to provide food and shelter for wildlife. However, in areas of intensive farming, which are characterised by the scarcity of weed communities, wild herbivores may focus their grazing on cover crops, which could make their implementation difficult. In this work, we test whether rabbit grazing can prevent the growth of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves in Southern Spain in addition to assessing the role of rabbit abundance and diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops. This question has been addressed by sowing <em>Bromus rubens</em> between the rows of five olive groves in Cordoba province (Spain). We then monitored the surface covered by <em>B. rubens,</em> along with both diversity of weed communities and rabbit abundance. Two rabbit exclusion areas were also placed in each olive grove in order to assess the impact of rabbits on the development of cover crops. Our results showed that the surface occupied by <em>B. rubens</em> was considerably higher in the rabbit exclusion areas (mean 56.8 ± 5.65 %) than in those areas in which they could feed (mean 35.6 ± 4.32 %). The coverage occupied by cover crops was higher in areas with lower rabbit density, although this relationship was modulated by the weed diversity index, since in areas with the same rabbit abundance the coverage was higher in those with a richer weed community. These findings suggest that high rabbit abundances can prevent the development of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves, particularly in areas in which alternative food resources (measured as weed diversity) are scarce.</p>

Composted manure and straw amendments in wheat of a rice–wheat rotation system alter weed richness and abundance

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Yicheng Sun ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Guojun Sun ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation system, a study was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization regimens (no fertilization, replacement of a portion of chemical fertilizer with composted pig manure, chemical fertilizer only, and straw return combined with chemical fertilizer) on the weed communities and wheat yields after 4 and 5 yr. The impact of the long-term recurrent fertilization regimen initiated in 2010 on the composition and diversity of weed communities and the impact of the components and total amount of fertilizer on wheat yields were assessed in 2014 and 2015. Totals of 19 and 16 weed species were identified in experimental wheat fields in 2014 and 2015, respectively, but the occurrence of weed species varied according to the fertilization regimen. American sloughgrass [Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald], water starwort [Myosoton aquaticum(L.) Moench], and lyrate hemistepta (Hemistepta lyrataBunge.) were adapted to all fertilization treatments and were the dominant weed species in the experimental wheat fields. The greatest number of weed species were observed under the no-fertilization treatment, in which 40% of the weed community was composed of broadleaf weeds and the lowest wheat yields were obtained. With fertilizer application, the number of weed species was reduced, the height of weeds increased significantly, the density of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced, the biodiversity indices of weed communities decreased significantly, and higher wheat yields were obtained. Only the chemical fertilizer plus composted pig manure treatment and the chemical fertilizer–only treatment increased the density of grassy weeds and the total weed community density. The treatment with chemical fertilizer only also resulted in the highest density ofB. syzigachne. Rice straw return combined with chemical fertilizer yielded the lowest total weed density, which suggests that it inhibited occurrence of weeds. The different fertilizer regimens not only affected the weed species composition, distribution, and diversity, but also the weed density. Our study provides new information from a rice–wheat rotation system on the relationship between soil amendments and agricultural weed infestation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document