scholarly journals Responses of single cutaneous fibers to noxious thermal pulse stimulation of cat upper hind limb

Pain ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-yuan Li ◽  
Thomas J. Morrow ◽  
Kenneth L. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Thermal Pulse ◽  
Pulse Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The subjective sensation induced by various thermal pulse stimulation in healthy volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Y. Oono ◽  
H. Kubo ◽  
T. Imamura ◽  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
S. Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
Peltier Element ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Thermal Pulse ◽  
Heat Sensation ◽  
Thermal Stimulator ◽  
Subjective Sensation ◽  
Pulse Stimulation

AbstractAimsNovel quantitative thermal stimulator devices (QTSDs) have been developed to deliver thermal pulse stimulation with regulated constant temperatures (0–45°C) with a Peltier element probe (16 cm2). The aim of this study was to investigate subjective sensation induced by the interaction between simultaneously applied painful cold and heat stimuli in various sites.MethodsTwenty healthy subjects (12 men and 8 women, age range: 25–45 years) participated. The intensity of cold pain (CP) and heat pain (HP) stimuli were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and adjusted to elicit approximately 70/100 mm. Alternately pulse stimulations (pulse duration of 40 s; 0.025 Hz) which consisted of CP, HP, or neutral temperature (32°C) were applied. Four conditions were tested and subjective sensations were assessed: (1) one QTSD was applied to non-dominant forearm and cold-heat pulse stimulation was applied.Two QTSDs were applied to (2) non-dominant ipsilateral forearm with 5 cm apart, (3) non-dominant and contralateral forearms, (4) non-dominant forearm and ipsilateral thigh, respectively. In conditions of (2)–(4), CP-neutral pulse stimulation (C-Neutral) and neutral-HP pulse stimulation (Neutral-H) were applied simultaneously with opposite phase, respectively.ResultsCP and HP were 3.9±1.0°C (mean±SD) and 43.6±0.9°C (mean±SD), respectively. The VAS values for CP and HP were 73.4±2.0 mm (mean±SD) and 76.4 ±4.8 mm (mean±SD), respectively. Some subjects could not discriminate cold or heat sensation and some felt cold as heat (paradoxical sensation). The number of subjects with such paradoxical sensation in (1), (2), (3), (4) were 9 (45%), 2 (10%), 0 (0%) and 3 (15%), respectively.ConclusionsIn healthy volunteers, simultaneous alternately cold-heat pulse stimulation on one site triggered paradoxical thermal sensation, which to a much less degree is triggered when C-Neutral and Neutral-H were applied to different dermatomes. This suggests that the mechanism is primarily triggered peripherally.

Innervation of Locomotor Movements by the Lumbosacral Cord in Birds and Mammals

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
J. TEN CATE
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Bipedal Gait ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The locomotory movements of the hind limb of the spinal cat have been studied with the animal supported on a wheeled carriage so that the soles of the hind feet rest upon the ground. 2. Locomotory movements of the hind limbs do not occur spontaneously, but only in response to stimulation of proprioceptors and exteroceptors. Such stimulation is provided by locomotory movements of the fore limbs or by forward movement of the carriage. After cessation of these stimulatory movements the locomotory movements of the hind limbs are not maintained. 3. In these respects the spinal cat differs from the spinal pigeon, and it is suggested that the greater autonomy of the lumbosacral cord in the latter is related to its bipedal gait.

Paired-pulse stimulation of an electric-hydraulic pump used to replace the mammalian heart

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
S. D. Moulopoulos ◽  
M. J. Crosby ◽  
Y. Nose ◽  
W. J. Kolff
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Mammalian Heart ◽  
Pulse Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sympatholytic response to stimulation of superior laryngeal nerve in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. R290-R297 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Huangfu ◽  
P. G. Guyenet
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Medullary Reticular Formation ◽  
Pulse Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The central pathway mediating a sympatholytic response to stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) was studied in halothane-anesthetized, paralyzed rats. Single-pulse stimulation of SLN inhibited lumbar sympathetic nerve discharge (LSND) with onset latency of 113 +/- 1.7 ms. LSND inhibition was markedly attenuated by bilateral microinjection of kynurenic acid (Kyn, glutamate receptor antagonist, 4.5 nmol/side) into the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVL) or by bilateral administration of bicuculline methiodide (Bic; gamma-aminobutyric acid-receptor antagonist, 225 pmol/side) into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL). In 13 of 14 cases, the baroreceptor reflex was also severely reduced. Injections of Bic or Kyn elsewhere in the medullary reticular formation were ineffective. Single-pulse stimulation of SLN inhibited 19 of 26 RVL reticulospinal barosensitive cells (onset latency 46 +/- 1.4 ms). This inhibition was attenuated (from 92 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 12%) by iontophoretic application of Bic (n = 7), which also reduced the cells' inhibitory response to aortic coarctation. The remaining seven barosensitive neurons were unaffected by SLN stimulation. In conclusion, the sympathetic baroreflex and the sympathoinhibitory response to SLN stimulation appear to be mediated by similar medullary pathways.

Excitation of lumbar motoneurons by the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the in vitro brain stem spinal cord preparation of the neonatal rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2241-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Floeter ◽  
A. Lev-Tov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pulse Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The excitation of lumbar motoneurons by reticulospinal axons traveling in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) was investigated in the newborn rat using intracellular recordings from lumbar motoneurons in an in vitro preparation of the brain stem and spinal cord. The tracer DiI (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine) was introduced into the MLF of 6-day-old littermate rats that had been fixed with paraformaldehyde to evaluate the anatomic extent of this developing pathway. 2. Fibers labeled from the MLF by DiI were present in the cervical ventral and lateral white matter and a smaller number of labeled fibers extended to the lumbar enlargement. Patches of sparse terminal labeling were seen in the lumbar ventral gray. 3. In the in vitro preparation of the brain stem and spinal cord, MLF stimulation excited motoneurons through long-latency pathways in most motoneurons and through both short-(< 40 ms) and long-latency connections in 16 of 40 motoneurons studied. Short- and longer-latency components of the excitatory response were evaluated using mephenesin to reduce activity in polysynaptic pathways. 4. Paired-pulse stimulation of the MLF revealed a modest temporal facilitation of the short-latency excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) at short interstimulus intervals (20–200 ms). Trains of stimulation at longer interstimulus intervals (1–30 s) resulted in a depression of EPSP amplitude. The time course of the synaptic depression was compared with that found in EPSPs resulting from paired-pulse stimulation of the dorsal root and found to be comparable. 5. The short-latency MLF EPSP was reversibly blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline (CNQX), an antagonist of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors, with a small CNQX-resistant component. Longer-latency components of the MLF EPSP were also blocked by CNQX, and some late components of the PSP were sensitive to strychnine. MLF activation of multiple polysynaptic pathways in the spinal cord is discussed.

Microelectrode study of dorsal spinocerebellar tract

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Kitai ◽  
F. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Spinocerebellar Tract ◽  
Stimulation Of

The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) at C-1, C-2, and the lower medulla level was studied with microelectrodes in lightly anesthetized cats. All responses were obtained from the stimulation of the ipsilateral side of the body. The sensory modalities activating the total of 242 fibers studied were touch (53%), pressure (31%), touch and pressure (2%), and joint movement (14%). Responses to touch were more numerous for the forelimb, while responses to pressure and to joint movement were more numerous for the hind limb. Regardless of modalities the trunk was significantly less represented in the DSCT than the limbs. Tactile and pressure peripheral fields were restricted (i.e., a few hairs of a paw) and large (i.e., more than one segment of a limb). The ratio of restricted to large fields for touch was 7 to 1, and for pressure 5 to 1. Fibers activated by joint movements adjusted their frequency of firing to the degree of displacement and to the rate of the movement. There was no evidence for a separate anatomical segregation of fibers responding to a single sensory modality.

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