Comparative studies on the leukotriene D4-metabolizing enzyme of different types of leukocytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Nagaoka ◽  
Mitsuhiro Yamada ◽  
Siro Kira ◽  
Tatsuhisa Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Leukotriene D4 ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Dialyzability of Levofloxacin and Amlodipine Using in Vitro Dialysis System with Three Different Types of Dialyzers

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Mochizuki ◽  
Rieko Yuda ◽  
Fumi Amano ◽  
Yuki Nakajima ◽  
Shin-ichi Yamagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Remarks on the usefulness of different types of transcription, with a particular regard to Turkic comparative studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (93) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Stachowski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Notation System ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Different Types

The article attempts to determine what kind of transcription is best suited for (Turkic) comparative studies. Five questions are asked: what are the features of an ideal transcription, what level of abstraction is most useful, what notation system is most practical, and is it possible for a single transcription to encompass the entire Turkic family. Ultimately, a set of basic rules is proposed together with a small exemplification. 

scholarly journals Comparative studies of the deformation techniques for the singular-drift problem in the complex Langevin method

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 07019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Ito ◽  
Jun Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Deformation Parameter ◽  
High Density ◽  
Large N ◽  
Singular Drift ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Data Points

In application of the complex Langevin method to QCD at high density and low temperature, the singular-drift problem occurs due to the appearance of near-zero eigenvalues of the Dirac operator. In order to avoid this problem, we proposed to de-form the Dirac operator in such a way that the near-zero eigenvalues do not appear and to extrapolate the deformation parameter to zero from the available data points. Here we test three different types of deformation in a simple large-N matrix model, which under-goes an SSB due to the phase of the fermion determinant, and compare them to see the consistency with one another.

Genetically Determined Polymorphisms in Drug Metabolism

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Y.W. Francis Lam ◽  
Milton V. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Poor Metabolizer ◽  
Extensive Metabolizer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Genetically Determined

Many factors can influence the metabolism and disposition of drugs. Genetically determined differences in an individual's capacity to metabolize drugs are known causes of interindividual and interethnic variabilities in drug disposition and response. In general, a poor metabolizer for a specific metabolic pathway would likely develop adverse effects, and an extensive metabolizer for the same metabolic pathway might have less than optimal response. Although there are different types of polymorphism in drug metabolism, polymorphisms in debrisoquine-type oxidation, S-mephenytoin oxidation, and N-acetylation have been the most extensively studied. This article will present the basic concepts of pharmacogenetics, review the major types of metabolic polymorphisms, outline ways to determine phenotyping and genotyping differences in metabolizing enzyme activities, and discuss how these differences relate to drug metabolism, response, and toxicity. When evaluating drug response and adverse reactions in individual patients, an awareness of genetic differences in metabolic capacities would help contribute to optimization in drug therapy.

scholarly journals ¿Difiere la dinámica de enseñanza de las escuelas rurales del norte y sur de España? Propensión, contrastes y similitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier García Prieto ◽  
Carmen Álvarez-Álvarez ◽  
Francisco José Pozuelos Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Attention To Diversity ◽  
Depth Interviews

Las escuelas rurales adoptan formatos distintos en cada país y desarrollan prácticas docentes comunes y divergentes con las urbanas. En España tenemos centros de diferentes tipos, que constituyen una compleja realidad. Sin embargo, apenas contamos con estudios comparativos entre regiones que muestren las peculiaridades de los diferentes tipos de centros y sus prácticas en nuestro país. En este artículo analizamos las semejanzas y diferencias que existen entre las dinámicas de enseñanza de las escuelas rurales del norte (Cantabria) y del sur de España (Huelva) a partir de un estudio cuantitativo (cuestionario) y cualitativo (entrevistas en profundidad). Los resultados comparan cuatro variables (práctica docente, desarrollo del curriculum, material didáctico y atención a la diversidad) en tres tipos de centros (unitarias, multigrado y graduadas). Las conclusiones muestran contrastes respecto a la innovación, el tratamiento de la diversidad o las plantillas docentes, y similitudes, en aspectos curriculares como el uso mayoritario del libro de texto o las dinámicas de enseñanza entre los diferentes tipos de centros educativos rurales. Rural schools take different forms in each country and develop common and divergent teaching practices in comparison to urban schools. In Spain we have different types of schools and this constitutes a complex reality. However, we hardly have comparative studies between regions that show the peculiarities of the different types of schools available. In this article, which adopts a quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (in-depth interviews) design, we analyse the similarities and differences that exist between the dynamics of teaching in rural schools in the north (Cantabria) and in the south of Spain (Huelva). The results compare four variables (environment, schools, teachers, students and families) in three types of schools (teaching practice, curriculum development, teaching materials and attention to diversity). The conclusions show contrasts with regard to innovation, attention to diversity or teaching staff; and similarities in curricular aspects such as the tendency to use textbooks or the dynamics of teaching within the different types of rural schools.  

ICMSF Methods Studies. XI. Collaborative/Comparative Studies on Determination of Coliforms Using the Most Probable Number Procedure1

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. SILLIKER ◽  
D. A. GABIS ◽  
A. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Confirmatory Tests

Results of two international collaborative studies on the MPN technique for determination of coliforms in foods are reported. Three methods involving use of different presumptive and confirmatory media were compared. Results of one collaborative study conducted among 15 laboratories using eight different types of inoculated foods showed differences among the laboratories as great as 3.3 log units. The greatest difference between confirmatory tests using different media was 0.5 log units. Results of the other collaborative study conducted among five laboratories using three types of naturally contaminated foods showed differences among the laboratories as great as 1.4 log units. The greatest difference between tests using different media was 0.2 log unit. Both studies showed that the 95% confidence limit for a single value reported by a given laboratory was ± 1 log unit or ± 0.45 log unit for a mean of five values. The second study showed that a major source of variation within laboratories was between replicate aliquots. The findings are discussed in terms of their significance with respect to the monitoring of microbiological specifications for food.

Phases of Dependency in Western Samoa

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Paul Shankman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Western Samoa ◽  
Different Types

Since the early 1970s, anthropologists and other social scientists have been studying dependency in the South Pacific. There are now a number of case studies of different types of dependency including agricultural exports, migration and remittances, foreign aid, tourism, and private foreign investment. There are also comparative studies of dependency in the region (Howard 1983; Howard 1984; Bertram and Watters 1985; Hamnett, et al 1984). Yet there are still relatively few analyses of the interrelationships among different types of dependency for particular South Pacific countries.

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