The peoples of Philadelphia: A history of ethnic groups and lower-class life, 1790–1940

The physician George Hoggart Toulmin (1754–1817) propounded his theory of the Earth in a number of works beginning with The antiquity and duration of the world (1780) and ending with his The eternity of the universe (1789). It bore many resemblances to James Hutton's "Theory of the Earth" (1788) in stressing the uniformity of Nature, the gradual destruction and recreation of the continents and the unfathomable age of the Earth. In Toulmin's view, the progress of the proper theory of the Earth and of political advancement were inseparable from each other. For he analysed the commonly accepted geological ideas of his day (which postulated that the Earth had been created at no great distance of time by God; that God had intervened in Earth history on occasions like the Deluge to punish man; and that all Nature had been fabricated by God to serve man) and argued they were symptomatic of a society trapped in ignorance and superstition, and held down by priestcraft and political tyranny. In this respect he shared the outlook of the more radical figures of the French Enlightenment such as Helvétius and the Baron d'Holbach. He believed that the advance of freedom and knowledge would bring about improved understanding of the history and nature of the Earth, as a consequence of which Man would better understand the terms of his own existence, and learn to live in peace, harmony and civilization. Yet Toulmin's hopes were tempered by his naturalistic view of the history of the Earth and of Man. For Time destroyed everything — continents and civilizations. The fundamental law of things was cyclicality not progress. This latent political conservatism and pessimism became explicit in Toulmin's volume of verse, Illustration of affection, published posthumously in 1819. In those poems he signalled his disapproval of the French Revolution and of Napoleonic imperialism. He now argued that all was for the best in the social order, and he abandoned his own earlier atheistic religious radicalism, now subscribing to a more Christian view of God. Toulmin's earlier geological views had run into considerable opposition from orthodox religious elements. They were largely ignored by the geological community in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain, but were revived and reprinted by lower class radicals such as Richard Carlile. This paper is to be published in the American journal, The Journal for the History of Ideas in 1978 (in press).

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Anthropological communities of interpretation for Burma: An overview

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022463408000192 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 239-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

U Chit Hlaing

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Field Of Study ◽

Anthropological Theory ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Way

AbstractThis paper surveys the history of anthropological work on Burma, dealing both with Burman and other ethnic groups. It focuses upon the relations between anthropology and other disciplines, and upon the relationship of such work to the development of anthropological theory. It tries to show how anthropology has contributed to an overall understanding of Burma as a field of study and, conversely, how work on Burma has influenced the development of anthropology as a subject. It also tries to relate the way in which anthropology helps place Burma in the broader context of Southeast Asia.

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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF ACUTE FEBRILE ENCEPHALOPATHY CASES IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP PATIENTS: A STUDY FROM WESTERN RAJASTHAN

10.36106/ijsr/1302690 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 72-73

Author(s):

Laxmi Rathore ◽

P. K. Khatri ◽

Saroj K. Meena ◽

Archana Bora ◽

Suneel Bhooshan

Keyword(s):

Lower Class ◽

Mental States ◽

Clinical Feature ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

History Of ◽

Laboratory Investigations ◽

Demographic Distribution ◽

Viral Etiologies ◽

Male To Female

Acute Febrile Encephalopathy is a clinical term used to describe patients presenting with short febrile illnesses with altered mental states. Demographic distribution plays an essential role in the diagnosis of viral etiologies. One hundred ve suspected AFE cases were enrolled in the study. A detailed history by predesigned performa and laboratory investigations was obtained for data collection. Viral etiology was diagnosed in 32 (30.48%) cases. The male to female ratio was 1.39:1. Total 56.25% of positive cases were from the lower class, 28.13% from the middle class, and 15.63% from the upper class. 24 (75%) cases from rural, while only 8 (25%) of the urban population showed viral etiologies. In 19 (59.4%) cases were either history of incomplete vaccination or not vaccinated, 13 (40.6%) cases had a history of complete immunization among positive cases. The predominant clinical feature was fever (100%) followed by seizures 66(62.86%), vomiting 37(35.24%), headache 14(13.33%), paresis in 16(15.24%) and altered sensorium in 29(27.62%), respectively. To conclude, the etiologic panorama of AFE varies with several factors such as time and demographical location, age, and immunization status. There is an urgent need to conduct more studies to prole the viral etiologies according to their prevalence in geographical areas so the treatment can be tailored accordingly and prophylaxis treatment or immunization can be boosted in the population at risk of getting the disease.

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The ideas of civil religion in the works of Mykola Kostomarov

Ukrainian Religious Studies ◽

10.32420/2016.79.680 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 79-85

Author(s):

Timofiy Zinkevich

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Civil Religion ◽

Religious Language ◽

National State ◽

Community Needs ◽

Cultural Phenomenon ◽

Social Doctrine ◽

The Social ◽

History Of

T. Zinkevich. "The ideas of civil religion in the works of Mykola Kostomarov." The author based on the fact that a civil religion - it is a social and cultural phenomenon in which the light of a kind of religious language and the specific practices of the necessity of finding and approval of the national state, which has its roots in the community needs to find the sacred in the work, which is inherent in the transcendent, eternally linear in nature and which is rooted in the history of the territory. According to N. Kostomarov, the main provisions of national faith as follows: God is one, He is the creator of all things, the seat of comfort and happiness, belief in which is the key statements in the freedom society, equality, and fraternity; social ideals of Ukrainians, which is the expression of Christian Cossack republic and the social doctrine of the early, truthful Christianity coincide; Ukraine, in contrast to other ethnic groups, is a carrier and protector of the true social and Christian values, which makes it possible immortality Ukrainians, his primacy in the social liberation and unification of the Slavic community, in which Ukraine will take place eludes Rzeczpospolita.

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The Population of Fejér County in the 18th Century Through the Eyes of Foreign Travellers

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Philologica ◽

10.2478/ausp-2014-0013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 169-183

Author(s):

Adrienn Sztana-Kovács

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Personal Experience ◽

18Th Century ◽

Source Material ◽

Population History ◽

Travel Books ◽

History Of ◽

Travel Diaries ◽

The Times

Abstract Lack of source material makes it difficult to examine the population history of the times of the Ottoman domination in Fejér county. Therefore it is inevitable to use memoirs, travel diaries, travel books and country descriptions penned by foreign travellers. In our study we are following the change of the image of the Hungarians, and the images of other ethnic groups as they appear in the memoirs of foreign visitors. In this paper we compare the descriptions of different ethnic groups inhabiting the county in the 18th century. We are interested in the following questions: first, how much of these descriptions are based on personal experience; secondly, to what extent these books reflect their authors’ experiences or they are rather influenced by stereotypes of their age or earlier periods

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