Dynamics of food policy formulation in the USA

This article discusses how Cuba survived the economic sanctions that were imposed by the USA and the lessons that Zimbabwe and other sanctioned countries can glean. Using the subaltern framework for analysis, the article’s central argument is that Cuba survived the US-imposed economic embargo through sound planning, rigorous policy formulation, and implementation in the critical sectors of education and health, including tactical diplomatic maneuvers among other strategies. It concludes that Cuba’s survival against the US economic embargo provides a number of significant lessons for many countries, including Zimbabwe facing economic sanctions from powerful states.

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A National Strategy for Natural Disaster Reduction: A Call for Coordination of Disaster Reduction Activities

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.1585820 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 393-414

Author(s):

M. A. Cassaro ◽

K. Johnson ◽

J. Cooper ◽

J. Beavers ◽

C. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Natural Hazards ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Professional Associations ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Disaster Reduction ◽

Development Education ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

The Usa ◽

National Infrastructure ◽

And Training

A need exists to improve the effectiveness of the network of communities, organizations, and agencies that are concerned with reducing the negative impact of natural hazards in the USA. The issue is to find ways to integrate community need assessment, research and development, education and training, policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation to improve practices that reduce vulnerability at the community, regional, and national levels. To this end, we propose to create a disaster reduction network that supports a cycle of development and application activities relating to natural hazards mitigation standards, diffusion of loss reduction practice, and consensus building in communities and in technical and professional associations. The expected benefit is a more efficient use of resources and a sustained and effective national infrastructure.

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Reduction of fossil fuel emissions in the USA: A holistic approach towards policy formulation

Energy Policy ◽

10.1016/j.enpol.2006.02.001 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 950-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gopal Bandyopadhyay ◽

Fathollah Bagheri ◽

Michael Mann

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuel ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

The Usa ◽

Fossil Fuel Emissions

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Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Beverage Intakes by Adults across 5 Upper-Middle- and High-Income Countries

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 140-151

Author(s):

Lana Vanderlee ◽

Christine M White ◽

Sharon I Kirkpatrick ◽

Vicki L Rynard ◽

Alejandra Jáuregui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Food Policy ◽

Alcoholic Beverage ◽

High Income ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

The Past ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Sugary Drinks ◽

The Usa ◽

Diet Drinks

ABSTRACT Background Despite considerable public health interest in sugary drink consumption, there has been little comparison of intake across countries. Objectives This study aimed to compare the consumption frequency and amounts of commonly consumed beverages among adults in 5 upper-middle- and high-income countries, and examine differences in consumption between population subgroups. Methods Adults aged 18–65 y completed online surveys in December 2017 in Australia (n = 3264), Canada (n = 2745), Mexico (n = 3152), the United Kingdom (n = 3221), and the USA (n = 4015) as part of the International Food Policy Study. The frequency of consuming beverages from 22 categories in the past 7 d was estimated using the Beverage Frequency Questionnaire. Regression models were used to examine differences in the likelihood of any consumption and in the amounts consumed of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugary drinks (SSBs and 100% juice), diet, and alcoholic beverages between countries and across sociodemographic subgroups. Results The prevalence of reported SSB consumption in the past 7 d ranged from 47% (United Kingdom) to 81% (Mexico), and that of sugary drinks ranged from 62% (United Kingdom) to 87% (Mexico). Rates of consumption of diet drinks ranged from 26% (Mexico) to 37% (United Kingdom), whereas alcoholic drink consumption rates ranged from 45% (USA) to 52% (Canada). Respondents in Mexico were more likely to consume SSBs and sugary drinks, and in greater amounts, than those in other countries. Respondents in the United Kingdom were more likely to consume diet drinks than those in Australia, Canada, and Mexico, and greater amounts of diet drinks were consumed in the United Kingdom and the USA. Across countries, younger respondents and males were more likely to consume greater amounts of SSBs and sugary drinks. Conclusions Most adult respondents across all countries consumed SSBs and sugary drinks, with greater consumption in Mexico and the USA. Consumption varied greatly across countries, but patterns of association among subpopulations were relatively similar.

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Make federal food assistance rights-based

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170519000024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 439-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Molly D. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Food Policy ◽

Food Assistance ◽

Federal State ◽

Adequate Food ◽

Federal Food ◽

Federal Recognition ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

The Usa ◽

The Right

AbstractFederal food assistance in the USA is an agglomeration of programs, the legacy of charitable and needs-based approaches that have been in place since the 1930s. Moving toward a rights-based approach would overcome many of the problems of these programs, such as the stigma attached to receiving assistance, the fragmentation of different programs with different eligibilities and the disconnect between monitoring and strategies to reduce food insecurity. Although the USA has not accepted its obligations to respect, protect, promote and fulfill the right to adequate food and nutrition, steps can be taken regardless toward a rights-based approach at the federal, state and municipal levels. With federal recognition of the right to adequate food and nutrition and incorporation within the Nutrition Title, however, a complete reshaping of federal food policy would be possible.

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2. Food Policy Formulation: Objectives and Strategy

Hungry Dreams ◽

10.7591/9781501733413-006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 14-55

Keyword(s):

Food Policy ◽

Policy Formulation

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A Statistical Analysis of the Most Affected Countries by COVID-19 (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24063 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jayanta Datta ◽

Prasenjit Sinha

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Power Series ◽

Trend Analysis ◽

Doubling Time ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Growth Constant ◽

Trend Line ◽

The Usa ◽

Exponential Trend ◽

Growth Constants

BACKGROUND It is almost more than six months elapsed since the crisis of COVID-19 pandemic has hit the globe. It becomes utterly crucial for policy formulation to know up to which period and up to what magnitude the disease will impact us. OBJECTIVE Aim of this study is to predict the saturation level of COVID-19 cases in USA, Brazil, India, Russia, Italy and UK. METHODS Trend analysis is used to fit exponential trend line to the weekly cumulative positive cases. Forecasted growth constants obtained by fitting power series trend to the observed values and prediction of weekly cumulative cases done. Growth constant value of 0.0039 (Doubling time 180 days), observed mean, median and maximum reported COVID-19 cases per million for countries with more than 90% recovery is used to obtain saturation levels. RESULTS Italy and UK reached saturation with growth constant values 0.0007 and 0.0025. Brazil and USA projected to achieve saturation by 26 September 2020 and 19 December 2020 with 8.24 and 9.17 million cases. India and Russia expected to reach the saturation by 16 January 2021and 27 February 2021 with 56.72 and 3.86 million cases. CONCLUSIONS The USA and Russia are predicted to reach saturation due to decrease in growth constant value. Growth constant values for Brazil and India are high and these countries are estimated to reach saturation by infecting the maximum reported per million population. It is therefore eternally essential to take more proactive decisions and to test more and isolate patients effectively to contain COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL Nil

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Causality-Based Policy Learning Frameworks Derived from Russian Power Sector Liberalisation

Energy Systems Research ◽

10.38028/esr.2020.01.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

L. Marcel

Keyword(s):

Learning Theory ◽

Policy Development ◽

Research Policy ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Policy Learning ◽

Power Sector ◽

Implementation Processes ◽

Learning And Adaptation ◽

The Usa ◽

Liberalisation Policy

This paper is an inductive, qualitative case study concerning the development of new policy learning theory derived from Russian power sector liberalisation policy reform that was conceived and implemented from the year 2001 to 2007. The research extends the policy learning theory work of James and Jorgensen and others by more holistically explaining how policy knowledge, through policy learning, affects policy formulation, change, the direction of that change, and outcomes. To provide an investigative platform for this, the study aimed to capture the perceptions related to Russian policy learning and adaptation from three primary policy community groups which included Russian energy researchers, international industrial informants, and economists with a high degree of involvement in power sector liberalisation policy development. In the course of the research, policy learning causal ‘moments’ were identified in the form of synchronic and diachronic interrelated frameworks that indicated causal mechanisms and causal paths. The empirically derived research results were from conceptual, planning, and implementation processes used to diversify Russian policy learning, primarily from relevant, concurrent, international policy experiences and outcomes in Britain, and to a lesser extent, the USA.

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