New Opportunities for the Development of Corporate Governance in Power Generating Companies for the Benefit of Investors

The paper presents an analysis of the central metrics of corporate governance in wholesale and territorial generating companies of the electric power industry that concern ownership structure and compliance of the companies with the principles of the Corporate Governance Code based on their performance results of 2018 - 2019. An increase in ownership concentration and the presence of the state in the competitive segment of the electric power industry is noted. This study has identified the least met criteria for evaluating compliance with the principles of the Corporate Governance Code. The possibilities of developing corporate governance for the benefit of investors are elucidated. These are tightening control over the observance of international "soft law" ("comply or explain"); expanding the criteria for evaluating compliance with the principles of the Corporate Governance Code that are recommended by the Bank of Russia; updating the Corporate Governance Code based on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) transformation. A new form of oversight over compliance with the Corporate Code principles and criteria for evaluating the adherence to the ESG principles are proposed.

Nonlinear load modeling for analysis of non-sinusoidal conditions in electrical networks based on measurements of harmonic parameters

Non-sinusoidal conditions in electrical networks need to be calculated for their control and development of technical measures to maintain harmonic parameters according to the requirements of regulatory documents. These calculations are impossible without electrical network and nonlinear load models that adequately reflect them in computational programs. Nonlinear load models have been developed for a long time. Some studies present general modeling principles and models of various nonlinear devices. Others consider some nonlinear devices as equivalent nonlinear loads connected to low and medium voltage networks. A whole host of high-power nonlinear electrical equipment is connected to high voltage networks. Modeling nonlinear loads connected to these networks is a problem. Research of measured parameters of harmonic conditions in electrical networks has shown that they are random values. The probabilistic nature is determined by the network configuration, a range of network components, the number of nonlinear loads, wave and frequency properties of the network, harmonic source phase currents, voltage at terminals of nonlinear electrical equipment, changes in operating conditions and load power, and many other factors. Nonlinear loads can only be modeled based on the measurements of parameters of harmonic conditions due to their unpredictability. The paper presents an overview of existing methods for modeling nonlinear loads, a methodological approach to modeling nonlinear loads based on measured parameters, an algorithm for modeling harmonics of active and reactive currents, a computational program algorithm designed to identify distribution functions of measured current harmonics, and modeling results for current harmonics of railway transformers supplying power to electric locomotives.

Prospects for the development of geothermal energy supply

The paper addresses methodological and technological issues of building environmentally friendly and efficient energy supply based on geothermal energy sources. Geothermal potential in the world, accentuating that in Russia (areas of the Baikal natural territory) and Mongolia, is analyzed considering the possibility of its implementation in the thermal power industry. Geothermal areas of Central Mongolia are characterized by increased heat flows and occurrences of thermal waters. The most promising thermal spring occurrences are the Shivert, Shargalzhuut, Tsenkher, Otgontenger, and Khuzhirt, to name some of them. Currently, the thermal energy potential of the Khangai arched uplift in Central Mongolia is employed to heat industrial, agricultural, and civil facilities. There are also plans to consider the possibility of large-scale employment of thermal waters of the region for electricity generation. An example of using geothermal waters for electricity generation is given, and the possibility of establishing a heating system in the city of Tsetserleg based on a geothermal heat pump unit with a wind power plant is assessed.

Why IEEE Xplore Matters for Research Trend Analysis in the Energy Sector

The paper aims to briefly compare and analyze the results of queries to IEEE Xplore and the leading abstract databases Scopus and Web of Science to identify research trends. Some errors were revealed in the Author Keywords in Web of Science. Therefore, a more detailed analysis that involved comparing various types of key terms was made only for IEEE Xplore and Scopus platforms. The study employed IEEE Access journal metadata as indexed on both platforms. Sample matching for IEEE Xplore and Scopus was achieved by comparing DOI. The IEEE Xplore metadata contains more key term types, which provides an advantage in analyzing research trends. Using NSPEC Controlled Terms from expert-compiled vocabulary provides more stable data, which gives an advantage when considering the change of terms over time. Apriori, an algorithm for finding association rules, was used to compare the co-occurrence of the terms for a more detailed description of sample subjects on both platforms. VOSviewer was used to analyze trends in scientific research based on IEEE Xplore data. The 2011-2021 ten-year period was divided into two sub-intervals for comparing the occurrence of Author Keywords, IEEE Terms, and NSPEC Controlled Terms. Bibliometric data of the IEEE conference proceedings was used to illustrate the importance of context in estimating the growth rate of publishing activity on a topic of interest.

Effect of Grid Faults on Dominant Wind Generators for Electric Power System Integration:A Comparison and Assessment

In recent times, various types of wind generators have been linked to the power grids globally and the focus has been to control them to be more efficient and reliable. This study concisely discusses performance analysis, modeling, and assessment of different wind generators (permanent magnet synchronous generator, doubly-fed induction generator, squirrel cage induction generator), covering their benefits, drawbacks, and impact on the electric power systems. This comparison aims to guarantee that their technical and economic evaluations are comparable, allowing engineers to make a more informed decision about which generator is best suitable for their installation. Findings for the investigated wind generators lead to significant observations about their application fields, such as permanent magnet synchronous generator outperforms doubly-fed induction generator and squirrel cage induction generator, especially during grid disruptions; on the other hand, squirrel cage induction generator is simple and inexpensive.

Analysis of the electric power potential as illustrated by the UES of Russia

he paper presents an analysis of the current state of the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia, which aims to identify "weak points," regional shortage and excess energy systems, locations of the electricity consumption growth, and seeks to determine the technical potential of the power grid for electricity transmission. This analysis relies on the models developed for optimization in terms of the maximum excess capacity for the entire Unified Energy System of Russia and for individual regions of the country in the context of the existing mix of generating capacity and cross-regional structure of the power grid. Calculations were made for the conditions corresponding to the reported performance of the Unified Energy System of Russia in 2020. The cross-regional power grid of the Unified Energy System of Russia is capable of covering the capacity needs of all the country's power systems, and almost everywhere has a significant available transfer capability of power transmission lines.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Air-Blown Staged Gasification of Coal in a Flow

One of the ways to environmentally friendly use coal is an integrated gasification combined cycle. The most common oxidizing agent employed in gasification is oxygen. It is feasible to use air instead of oxygen to reduce the cost of generated electricity. The air gasification downsides can be reduced by using heated air and organizing a staged process. The paper is concerned with a thermodynamic analysis of the MHPS (Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems) air-blown staged gasifier. The analysis relies on an original approach that suggests investigating experimental data on a set of calculated ones. The experimental run nears the thermodynamic optimum, which coincides with the carbon boundary line. Cold gas efficiency can be increased from 78.6 to 81.5% by reducing the equivalence ratio. Thus, the temperature will decrease from 1 200 to 1 100 °C. The experimental run of the MHPS gasifier is not optimal thermodynamically, but it is probably optimal kinetically. The fact is that the rates of heterophase reactions decline near the carbon boundary, which leads to a sharp increase in fuel underburning and a decrease in efficiency. The experimental run is also located close to the region with the maximum thermal efficiency of the process, which is indicative of the high efficiency of converting air heat into chemical energy of producer gas.

ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES OF SYSTEMS STUDIES ON ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA, THEIR POSSIBILITIES IN THE "DIGITAL" SOCIETY

The paper addresses major achievements, current trends, and challenges in systems studies on energy development. Further evolution of the methodology for these studies in the context of "digitalization" will depend on the development of artificial intelligence tools. The scope of planned work and possible means for its implementation in the systems studies on the energy development in the future information society are investigated for various forms of its organization.

Generation Structure, Prices, and Tariffs in the Russian Electric Power Industry in 2009-2018

The paper aims to summarize and analyze the statistical data on the generation structure and price behavior in the Russian electric power industry and, based on the analysis, make a statistical contribution to the discussion on the outcomes of the electricity reform in Russia. A brief review of this topic is provided. The study states that the electric power industry should be regarded as a combination of four sub-industries when regulation, market design, and industrial organization problems are discussed. These four sub-industries are generation, transmission, distribution, and sales because of different regulations applied to these businesses. The main trends in the retail price index and some other indexes in the four sub-industries are observed from 2009 to 2018. The trends in electricity consumption and generation structure are discussed as essential components of economic processes in the industry. The findings suggest that the four sub-industries make different contributions to the overall growth of the electricity supply costs for end consumers. Most growth was determined by regulated government-granted monopolies in network businesses (transmission and distribution companies). The sales business is represented in the research by suppliers of last resort.

Review of Clustering Methods for Slow Coherency-Based Generator Grouping

Slow coherency is one of the most relevant concepts used in power systems dynamics to group generators that exhibit similar response to disturbances. Among the approaches developed for generator grouping based on slow coherency, clustering algorithms play a significant role. This paper reviews the clustering algorithms applied in model-based and data-driven approaches, highlighting the metrics used, the feature selection, the types of algorithms and the comparison among the results obtained considering simulated or measured data.