The relationship between loans and in-house use of books in determining a use-factor for budget allocation

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larraine M. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Budget Allocation ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals New Casemix Classification as an Alternative Method for Budget Allocation in Thai Oral Healthcare Service: A Pilot Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thunthita Wisaijohn ◽  
Atiphan Pimkhaokham ◽  
Phenkhae Lapying ◽  
Chumpot Itthichaisri ◽  
Supasit Pannarunothai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to develop a new casemix classification system as an alternative method for the budget allocation of oral healthcare service (OHCS). Initially, the International Statistical of Diseases and Related Health Problem, 10th revision, Thai Modification (ICD-10-TM) related to OHCS was used for developing the software “Grouper”. This model was designed to allow the translation of dental procedures into eight-digit codes. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the factors used for developing the model and the resource consumption. Furthermore, the coefficient of variance, reduction in variance, and relative weight (RW) were applied to test the validity. The results demonstrated that 1,624 OHCS classifications, according to the diagnoses and the procedures performed, showed high homogeneity within groups and heterogeneity between groups. Moreover, the RW of the OHCS could be used to predict and control the production costs. In conclusion, this new OHCS casemix classification has a potential use in a global decision making.

Grocery shopping, a one man job? Understanding the single shopper

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Tariq ◽  
Giles D’Souza ◽  
Arthur W. Allaway
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Grocery Products ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Single males and females are an under-studied segment of grocery shoppers. This study aims to compare the shopping habits of single males with single females and couples. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling is used to analyze purchase history data for testing the effect of household type on shopping trip metrics and budget allocation to product categories. Findings Although single male shoppers differ on some trip metrics from females, differences are more pronounced between single shoppers, male or female, and couples. The study also confirms the mediating effect of trip metrics on the relationship between demographics and allocation of budget to grocery product categories. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by identifying the differences and similarities between shopping behaviors of single males, single females and couples, developing an understanding of their budget allocation decisions to different product categories and testing and confirming that trip characteristics mediate the relationship between demographics and budget allocated to grocery products.

scholarly journals Participatory Budgeting: International and Russian Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Zakharchuk ◽  
A. A. Nekrasov ◽  
A. F. Pasynkov
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Municipal Level

The research is devoted to the modern enhancement of budget allocation effciency at the municipal level. Internationally, it is referred to as participatory budgeting. The subject of the research is the world and Russian experience of participatory budgeting and the effectiveness of such initiatives. The research objective is to determine the correlation between the international experience of public participation in the budget allocation and the program of initiative budgeting in the Russian Federation; based on this, to develop recommendations for improving the effciency of budget expenditures. The theoretical basis and the relationship between the concepts of “participatory budgeting” used to denote public participation abroad, and the “proactive budgeting” adopted in Russia have been considered. More than 30 international studies of participatory budgeting over the past 15 years have been analyzed. The aspects and effectiveness of the approaches have been highlighted. The best international and Russian experiences of participatory (initiative) budgeting, their characteristics and commitment to results have been identifed. As a result, the authors have presented a basic scheme to organize the participatory budgeting process, highlighting the stages, activities and criteria for the effectiveness of programs implemented within this approach. The initiative budgeting perspectives in Russia have been shown on the example of Yekaterinburg. Some recommendations have been given to enhance the implementation effciency. Among them are: infrastructural differences between the territories, expanding fnancial independence of municipalities in terms of initiative budgeting, building a system of representatives of local communities. It has been concluded that the initiative budgeting in the Russian Federation differs notably in its form from the international initiatives. The main difference is the requirement to the population and business to co-fnance projects. Some measures have been proposed to move gradually from the Russian participatory budgeting to the international standards, including: developing a methodology for project effciency evaluation, providing tax incentives, extensive use of information technology, and introducing the annual schedule of meetings and polls.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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