The interactive effects of task complexity and participation on task performance: A field experiment

ABSTRACT This study examines the interactive effects of task complexity and attractiveness on the effectiveness of explicit monetary incentives in promoting task performance. We provide theory for and find an interaction such that monetary incentives are more effective when tasks are less complex, but only when the task is viewed as relatively unattractive. In addition, by varying task complexity, this study extends Bailey et al. (1998), finding that when incentive pay leads to higher performance, it is through faster initial performance, not faster improvement.

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Effects of Task Performance and Task Complexity on the Validity of Computational Models of Attention

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e578102012-006 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Lisette de Koning ◽

Peter-Paul van Maanen ◽

Kees van Dongen

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Computational Models ◽

Task Complexity ◽

And Task

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Collectivistic Leadership in Context: An Examination of How and When Collective Charismatic Leadership Relates to Unit Functioning

Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies ◽

10.1177/1548051820986536 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 154805182098653

Author(s):

Jonathan C. Ziegert ◽

David M. Mayer ◽

Ronald F. Piccolo ◽

Katrina A. Graham

Keyword(s):

Social Inclusion ◽

Task Complexity ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Field Studies ◽

Charismatic Leadership ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Collective Leadership ◽

Contingency Perspective ◽

The Impact

This research explores the nature of collective leadership by examining the boundary conditions of how and when it relates to unit functioning. Building from a contingency perspective that considers the impact of contextual factors, we propose that collective charismatic leadership will be associated with lowered unit conflict, and this relationship will be strengthened by the contingency elements of individual charismatic leadership, task complexity, and social inclusion. Furthermore, we propose that the interactions of collective charismatic leadership with these contextual factors will relate to performance and satisfaction through conflict. We examine our hypotheses across two unit-level field studies, and the results illustrated that high levels of these contextual factors enhanced the negative relationship between collective charismatic leadership and conflict, which generally mediated the relationships between these interactive effects and performance and satisfaction. The results also highlight the detrimental aspects of collective leadership and how it can relate to reduced unit functioning when it is not aligned with an appropriate context. Overall, these findings begin to provide a more complete picture of collective leadership from a contingency perspective through a greater understanding of when and how it is related to unit functioning.

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Working Memory Performance under a Negative Affect Is More Susceptible to Higher Cognitive Workloads with Different Neural Haemodynamic Correlates

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11070935 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 935

Author(s):

Ying Xing Feng ◽

Masashi Kiguchi ◽

Wei Chun Ung ◽

Sarat Chandra Dass ◽

Ahmad Fadzil Mohd Hani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Task Performance ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Affective State ◽

Memory Task ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Affective Factors ◽

Related Stress ◽

Haemodynamic Activity

The effect of stress on task performance is complex, too much or too little stress negatively affects performance and there exists an optimal level of stress to drive optimal performance. Task difficulty and external affective factors are distinct stressors that impact cognitive performance. Neuroimaging studies showed that mood affects working memory performance and the correlates are changes in haemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We investigate the interactive effects of affective states and working memory load (WML) on working memory task performance and haemodynamic activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging on the PFC of healthy participants. We seek to understand if haemodynamic responses could tell apart workload-related stress from situational stress arising from external affective distraction. We found that the haemodynamic changes towards affective stressor- and workload-related stress were more dominant in the medial and lateral PFC, respectively. Our study reveals distinct affective state-dependent modulations of haemodynamic activity with increasing WML in n-back tasks, which correlate with decreasing performance. The influence of a negative effect on performance is greater at higher WML, and haemodynamic activity showed evident changes in temporal, and both spatial and strength of activation differently with WML.

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A learner corpus analysis: Effects of task complexity, task type, and L1 & L2 similarity on propositional and linguistic complexity

IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching ◽

10.1515/iral-2018-0294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Elissa Allaw

Keyword(s):

Task Complexity ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Task Design ◽

Task Type ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Design Features ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Learning Platform ◽

Written Texts ◽

Propositional Complexity

Abstract Learner corpora provide researchers with a rich pool of resources that can complement experimental studies. The purpose of the present paper is to provide task complexity researchers, for the first time, with further insight regarding interactive effects of task complexity, task type, task modality, and L1 background on linguistic and propositional complexity. Analyzing 720 intermediate-level (B1) written texts that were extracted from open access online language learning platform, the EF-Cambridge Open Language Database (EFCAMDAT) revealed that there was a significant interaction effect among task design features (task complexity, task type, and L1 background) that influenced linguistic and propositional complexity of written texts. This suggests that task complexity does not function in isolation of other task design features such as task type and L1 background.

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