La Notion de l’inceste heureux dans la littérature utopique de la fin du xviiie siècle

This article examines ways in which the existence of incestuous relationships at the heart of the utopian project at the end of the Eighteenth century poses a philosophical challenge. When a utopian community is built on the principle of a definite improvement, how is it possible to envision a positive future when incest is introduced at the foundation of a society that pretends to be better than the existing one? Furthermore, how is it possible to establish laws and rules in a society when the initial members of this society have not been able to respect a law supposedly inviolable? Lastly, how can a utopian community, which thrives to be an ideological model, adopt incest as a legitimate possibility or even a norm? This article explores how several prerevolutionary utopias try to answer all those questions. Among the texts it considers are Guillaume Grivel’s L’Isle inconnue, Giacomo Casanova’s L’Icosameron, and Jacques Henri-Bernardin de Saint-Pierre’s Paul et Virginie.

Being Human: Androids, Humans, and Identity in “Red Dwarf”

One of the more popular transhumanist ideas is the belief that technology will allow for the transfer of human personality into a machine or cyborg body. Additionally, some transhumanists believe that this transfer could happen with few to no problems, and that such a transfer would result in a definite improvement of the human species. The episode “DNA” from the humorous British science-fiction television series Red Dwarf presents a story that challenges this idea of the easy transfer of personality. The story of the android who gets his wish to become human allows the writers to invert the common belief in Western thought that being human is inherently better than being an imitation of a human, and that technologically upgrading human bodies will produce “better” humans. By inversion, the program presents the idea that clearer and more ethical thinking is needed regarding technological enhancement, and not the utopian visions of many transhumanists.

STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY (HTO) FIXED WITH ANGLE STABLE PLATE IN TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE AT NMCH, ROHTAS, BIHAR

Background: Osteoarthritis is more common in females. It is because osteoarthritis in post-menopausal women is associated with higher body weight, higher subcutaneous fat, calcium deficiency and weaker muscles linked to hormonal changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of high tibial osteotomy fixed with angle stable plate in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee. Material and Methods: In our study 10 cases were operated by modified coventry technique, 10 cases were operated by open wedge osteotomy with non locking plates and bone graft and 104 cases were operated by medial open wedge osteotomy and iliac graft secured by locking plate. In these cases full weight bearing was allowed at 8 week, 6 week and 3rd post operative day respectively. Radiographical analysis include post operatively change in tibio-femoral angle. Mean follow up of these cases was 2 year. Results: In our study thee knee pain and function score were significantly improved (p value <0.001). The average pain score preoperatively was 1 8± 7(the maximum pain score for pain is 50) and post-operatively was 44±5. According to the grading used for functional assessment in knee scores there was definite improvement in the function of cases 122 (98.38%) at 2 yrs. The preoperatively mean functional knee score in of 110 cases (88.7%) cases was 28.86 (the maximum functional knee score is 100) and postoperatively was 70.45. There is correction in tibiofemoral angle (mean preoperative and postoperative tibiofemoral angle was 5.2±1.5 degrees varus and 5.8±1.3 degrees valgus respectively). Conclusion: There was definite improvement in the pain and function of the knee after the correction of the deformity (P value <0.001). The results of high tibial osteotomy in 88.23 percentage knees were rated as excellent. 104 out of these 124 cases were fix by locking plates. 2 cases had poor results due to excessive over correction and associated comorbidities. There is a definite correlation between the postoperative valgus obtained and relief in the pain.

Emergence of Indian Film Industry in the International Markets

The Indian film industry serves as the second movie capital of the world next to only Hollywood, supporting the livelihood of over 60 lakh people. Madame Tussauds museum in London, which has the wax statues of celebrities from across the world, has included as much as 9 Indian Bollywood stars since 2000, which indicates the growing acceptance of Indian movie stars in the International level. Yet, Indian cinema which has been positioned in the international market merely as a commodity for a long time, has started emerging out into a unique product with clear identity and packaging, gaining international crossover appeal. There is a definite improvement in the interest of foreign investors on the Indian film companies. The article aims at exploring the factors which contribute to the recent developments of Indian film Industry leading to the improvement in its International appeal and attempts to identify the disorders which plague its establishment in International market and develop a conceptual framework, which would provide ample inputs to the various stakeholders of the industry.

Manual Cranial Treatment in a Young Woman with Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental disorder affecting mainly young women. Despite the severity of the disease, the danger of chronification and premature death, and the social burden, the evidence base for its treatment is weak. In addition to the changed eating behavior, a modified body schema seems to play a major role in AN. Case Report: Presented is the course of AN in a now 17-year-old female patient in which a definite improvement of her symptoms occurred in temporal connection with manual cranial treatment. The manual approach is based on tonus changes of the deep suboccipital muscles as a monitor to identify relevant dysfunctions, to ensure the optimal therapy setting and to control the therapy outcome. Conclusion: AN is an example of a neuropsychiatric disorder whose neurobiological correlates could have resulted in the increased circumscribed cranial tension in the case presented. The pleasing course may encourage us to consider manual cranial treatment in similar cases.

Cochlear Implants in Patients with Fluctuant or Progressive Hearing Loss on the Better Ear

Introduction Cochlear implants have been proposed for cases of unilateral hearing loss, especially in patients with tinnitus impairment. Several studies have shown that they result in definite improvement of sound localization and speech understanding, both in quiet and noisy environments. On the other hand, there are few references regarding cochlear implants in patients whose better ears present hearing loss. Objective To report the audiological outcomes of three patients with unilateral deafness, in whom the better ears presented hearing losses, submitted to cochlear implants. Methods Three patients with unilateral profound hearing loss underwent a cochlear implant performed by the same surgeon. Results The patients' data are presented in detail. Conclusion The indications for cochlear implants are becoming more diverse with the expansion of clinical experience and the observation that they definitely help patients with special hearing problems.

Effect of remedial teaching on the scholastic performance of children with learning disability

Background: To assess the effectiveness of remedial teaching in children with learning disability and to find association between IQ score and age of the child with their improvement.Methods: An interventional study using pre-post study design, took place in Child Development Centre (CDC) of tertiary care Medical College hospital. Participants includes 45 school going children of age group of 6-15 years. After initial diagnosis and IQ assessment, remedial teaching was given in CDC for 12 months. Techniques are chosen on an individual basis by formulating individualised education program (IEP) by special educators. Diagnosis and pre- post assessment were done using tool, NIMHANS SLD battery. Effectiveness was evaluated as improvement in class levels of students. Definite improvement was decided in each student if improvement was observed in 4 or more domains. Relationship of IQ score and age with their improvement in was noted.Results: In pretest, poor results were found in attention and copying in 39 children, reading in 41, comprehension and spelling in 42, written expression in 43, and arithmetic in 44. In posttest, good results with statistical significance (p<0.05) were found in attention in 33, copying in 27, reading in 24, arithmetic in 15, and spelling in 12 children. Definite improvement was noticed for 33% of students with significant association with age and not IQ score of the child.Conclusions: This study shows that remedial teaching can bring about significant changes in academic skills namely attention, copying, reading, arithmetic, and spelling. 33% had definite improvement in 4 or more domains. The improvement in academic skills following remedial teaching was dependent on the child’s age and not on IQ score.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Annealing on Fatigue Life of SS 304 Steels

Fatigue failure is one of the main reasons for the mechanical failure in engineering materials. To improve the fatigue strength of the material one of the most used method is heat treatment of the materials in which hardness, wear resistance and aesthetics is improved. Of late, the complexity of predicting fatigue life of engineering components is increasing exponentially due to the varied and multi-facet loading conditions, complex geometries, and newer materials coming up in the market. In this paper the the quantitative measurement of the influence of Annealing on the fatigue life of SS 304 steels. Theresults conculed clearly clearly that there is a definite improvement in the fatigue life due to Annealing in steel. However the extent of improvement in fatigue life was more in SS 304 (after annealing) when compared to SS 304(before annealing).

Wavelength dependent photosensitivity modulation of Aluminium/Lead sulphide/Indium tin oxide back-to-back diode

The photosensitivity of aluminium (Al)/lead sulphide (PbS)/indium tin oxide (ITO) thin layered structure is investigated considering the photon wavelength dependent current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics of the device. The current-voltage characteristics of the test structure are analyzed adopting the back-to-back Schottky barrier diode model. The diode possesses low dark current in contrast to the high value of photocurrents measured under different illumination wavelengths. The change in photocurrents with different illumination wavelengths clearly indicates the change in photo-sensitivity of the device. The capacitance-voltage characteristics of Al/PbS/ITO structure demonstrate a definite improvement of the device capacitance with the higher wavelength exposures. The matter is explained in terms of the additional capacitance owing to the excess carrier generation within the device under illumination. The photosensitivity modulation of the device can be exploited in photo-sensor or photo-detector applications in various electronic devices.

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF USE OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN PARADOXICAL TUBERCULOSIS-IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS.

Objective: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory reaction in HIV-infected patients after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulting from restored immunity to specific infectious or non-infectious antigens. The most common condition where IRIS has been reported is tuberculosis (TB). Various mechanisms have been proposed and studied to account for the immune regulatory role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). This study is done to identify clinical outcome in HIV-TB patients with IRIS after given with HCQ.Methods: An uncontrolled longitudinal study was conducted among HIV-infected patients with TB initiated on ART and developed IRIS between July 2013 and June 2015 in a South Indian HIV care hospital.Results: A total of 40 patients have developed IRIS with mean age of 35.87 years and 77.5 % of them were males. At the time of IRIS occurrence, the mean body mass index was found to be 19.17 kg/m2 and CD4 count was 200 cells/mm3. The time duration took to get improvement in majority of the patients was 4–12 weeks.Conclusion: There was definite improvement seen in patients who received HCQ in TB-IRIS condition.