scholarly journals Powerful Bactericidal Activity of Moxifloxacin in Human Leprosy

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3113-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fe Eleanor F. Pardillo ◽  
Jasmin Burgos ◽  
Tranquilino T. Fajardo ◽  
Eduardo Dela Cruz ◽  
Rodolfo M. Abalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Definite Improvement ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

ABSTRACT In a clinical trial of moxifloxacin in eight multibacillary leprosy patients, moxifloxacin proved highly effective. In all trial patients, a single 400-mg dose of moxifloxacin resulted in significant killing (P ≤ 0.006) of Mycobacterium leprae, ranging from 82% to 99%, with a mean of 91%. In all instances, no viable bacilli were detected with an additional 3 weeks of daily therapy, this observed rapid bactericidal activity being matched previously only by rifampin. On moxifloxacin therapy, skin lesions cleared exceedingly rapidly with definite improvement observed consistently after eight doses and progressive resolution continuing for the 56 days of the trial. Side effects, toxicities, and laboratory abnormalities were mild, not requiring discontinuation of therapy.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Activity of a Single-Dose Combination of Ofloxacin plus Minocycline, with or without Rifampin, against Mycobacterium leprae in Mice and in Lepromatous Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohong Ji ◽  
Samba Sow ◽  
Evelyne Perani ◽  
Christian Lienhardt ◽  
Vimala Diderot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Dose Combination

ABSTRACT To develop a fully supervisable, monthly administered regimen for treatment of leprosy, the bactericidal effect of a single-dose combination of ofloxacin (OFLO) and minocycline (MINO), with or without rifampin (RMP), against Mycobacterium leprae was studied in the mouse footpad system and in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients. Bactericidal activity was measured by the proportional bactericidal method. In mouse experiments, the activity of a single dose of the combination OFLO-MINO was dosage related; the higher dosage of the combination displayed bactericidal activity which was significantly inferior to that of a single dose of RMP, whereas the lower dosage did not exhibit a bactericidal effect. In the clinical trial, 20 patients with previously untreated lepromatous leprosy were treated with a single dose consisting of either 600 mg of RMP plus 400 mg of OFLO and 100 mg of MINO or 400 mg of OFLO plus 100 mg of MINO. The OFLO-MINO combination exhibited definite bactericidal activity in 7 of 10 patients but was less bactericidal than the RMP-OFLO-MINO combination. Both combinations were well tolerated. Because of these promising results, a test of the efficacy of multiple doses of ROM in a larger clinical trial appears justified.

Analysis of the Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Annexin A1 in Multibacillary Leprosy and Reactional Episodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amilcar Sabino Damazo ◽  
Stephanni Figueiredo da Silva ◽  
Leticia Rossetto da Silva Cavalcante ◽  
Ezequiel Angelo Fonseca Junior ◽  
Joselina Maria da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Abstract Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions. Methods: Patients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1.Results: The data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. The high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination scar. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particularly, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced. Conclusions: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium leprae is identified in the oral mucosa from paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.M. Morgado de Abreu ◽  
A.M. Roselino ◽  
M. Enokihara ◽  
S. Nonogaki ◽  
L.E. Prestes-Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

scholarly journals Clinical profile and deformities in leprosy patients: a record based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Anita Sanker ◽  
Sandhya George ◽  
Sindhu Chunangat Bhaskaramenon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tribal Area ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em>, infectious in some cases, and affecting the peripheral nervous system, skin and certain other tissues. Even though leprosy was declared eliminated as a public health problem in India on December 2005, new cases of leprosy continue to appear. Hence a study on clinical profile and deformities in all leprosy cases registered in the last 5 years was done to know the current status of leprosy in this area.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective record-based study of leprosy cases done at Government Medical College, Manjeri, for a period of 5 years from October 2014 to September 2019.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 42 cases from the record were included in the study. Maximum cases belonged to the age group of 31 to 40 and males were more than females. 81% of the patients were multibacillary leprosy (MB) and 8 cases belonged to paucibacillary (PB) leprosy. Four child cases were registered as PB cases. Mostly encountered clinical diagnosis was borderline tuberculoid leprosy (23 out of 42) and two had type 1 reaction. Seven patients had deformity of which two had grade 2 deformity and rest had grade 1 deformity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> One patient who presented with grade 2 deformity and type 1 reaction was from tribal area indicating low awareness about leprosy among them. More number of cases in the multibacillary group and presence of child cases and deformities reinforces the need for strict surveillance to eradicate leprosy. </p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1 in multibacillary leprosy and reactional episodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanni Figueiredo da Silva ◽  
Leticia Rossetto da Silva Cavalcante ◽  
Ezequiel Angelo Fonseca Junior ◽  
Joselina Maria da Silva ◽  
José Cabral Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Abstract Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and the host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions. Methods Patients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain a bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1. Results The data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. A high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particular, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced. Conclusions Myeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.

MO224VCAM-1 LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH ALBUMINURIA IN MULTIBACILLARY LEPROSY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Donadello Tessarolo ◽  
Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses ◽  
Gabriela Freire Bezerra ◽  
Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior ◽  
Elizabeth De Francesco Daher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Abstract Background and Aims Leprosy may present important renal and endothelial abnormalities, and this can worse patients’ prognosis. However, renal and vascular involvement in these patients has been poor investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate if higher systemic endothelial biomarkers levels are associated with renal abnormalities and clinical aspects of leprosy. Method This is a cross-sectional study with leprosy patients before initiation of multidrug therapy enrolled in January 2017 to December 2018 in Fortaleza, northeast Brazil. Leprosy-associated clinical and epidemiological data were collected. Two groups were constructed: Paucibacillary (PB) and Multibacillary (MB) for comparisons. Serum and urine samples were obtained for laboratory analysis. In urine the following parameters were evaluated: creatinine, proteinuria and albuminuria. In serum the endothelial biomarkers were evaluated: VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, using ELISA assay. Results A total of 101 leprosy patients were included, with mean age of 48±15 years, and 71 (70%) were male. The multibacillary form occurred in 81 cases (80%), where 22 had a Virchowian form. VCAM-1 was elevated in MB group and was correlated with the bacteriological index (skin smear) (r = 0.372, p &lt;0.01), duration of disease symptoms (r = 0.234, p = 0.04), and number of skin lesions ( r = 0.331, p &lt;0.001). Moreover, in MB patients who presented albuminuria &gt;15 mg/g of creatinine, VCAM-1 showed a significant correlation (r = 0.341, p &lt;0.05) with increased albuminuria and improve the correlation with number of skin lesions (r = 0.653, p=0.003). Conclusion Multibacillary leprosy patients present high systemic levels of VCAM-1, associated with leprosy clinical features and increased albuminuria, an important marker of kidney disease progression. Further prospective studies are necessary to establish a cause-effect relation and evaluate the preventive role of these biomarkers, aiming to improve clinical care.

scholarly journals Bactericidal activities of combinations of new drugs against Mycobacterium leprae in nude mice.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ji ◽  
E G Perani ◽  
C Petinom ◽  
J H Grosset
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Intermittent Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

The bactericidal activities of 12 regimens with various combinations of new drugs (clarithromycin [CLARI], minocycline [MINO], and ofloxacin [OFLO]) and the standard antileprosy drugs, especially rifampin (RMP), were compared in nude mice with established Mycobacterium leprae infection. The longest duration of treatment was 24 weeks for intermittent (once every 4 weeks) therapy and 8 weeks for daily therapy. Bactericidal effects were monitored by titrating the proportion of viable M. leprae isolates by subinoculating the organisms into the footpads of immunocompetent and nude mice. The results indicate that RMP was more bactericidal than any combination of the new drugs. A single dose of CLARI-MINO, with or without OFLO, displayed bactericidal activity as great as that of 4 weeks of daily treatment with dapsone (DDS) plus clofazimine (CLO); thus, intermittent CLARI-MINO, with or without OFLO, may replace DDS and CLO of the standard multidrug regimen, and these will become regimens that can be administered monthly and under full supervision. Additional evidence that this may be the case is provided by the finding that intermittent RMP-CLARI-MINO or RMP-CLARI-MINO-OFLO administered for 12 or 24 weeks was as active as the standard multidrug regimen. While the intermittent treatment always displayed significantly greater bactericidal activity than the same number of doses of daily treatment, daily treatment with CLARI-MINO and CLARI-MINO-OFLO were more active than the drugs given as intermittent treatment for the same duration; therefore, unless these combinations are to be administered together with intermittent RMP, they should be given daily, especially for the treatment of RMP-resistant cases of infection. Finally, 12 weeks of daily treatment with DDS-CLO was more bactericidal than had been expected, suggesting that it may not be necessary to administer the standard multidrug regimen for multibacillary leprosy for as long as 24 months in order to minimize the risk of developing RMP resistance.

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