Signal transduction system via intracellular calcium ion in the central nervous system

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Eishichi Miyamoto ◽  
Kohji Fukunaga ◽  
Hideyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Signal Transduction System ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Ion ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Odor Perception

2012 ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Tonoike
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Though olfaction is one of the necessary senses and indispensable for the maintenance of the life of the animal, the mechanism of olfaction had not yet been understood well compared with other sensory systems such as vision and audition. However, recently, the most basic principle of “signal transduction on the reception and transmission for the odor” has been clarified. Therefore, the important next problem is how the information of odors about is processed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and how odor is perceived in the human brain. In this chapter, the basic olfactory systems in animal and human are described and examples such as “olfactory acuity, threshold, adaptation, and olfactory disorders” are discussed. The mechanism of olfactory information processing is described under the results obtained by using a few new non-invasive measuring methods. In addition, from a few recent studies, it is shown that olfactory neurophysiological information is passing through some deep central regions of the brain before finally being processed in the orbito-frontal areas.

scholarly journals The ryanodine receptor/calcium channel genes are widely and differentially expressed in murine brain and peripheral tissues.

1995 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Giannini ◽  
A Conti ◽  
S Mammarella ◽  
M Scrobogna ◽  
V Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Calcium Release Channels ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular calcium release channels that participate in controlling cytosolic calcium levels. At variance with the probably ubiquitous inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-operated calcium channels (1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors), RyRs have been mainly regarded as the calcium release channels controlling skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. Increasing evidence has recently suggested that RyRs may be more widely expressed, but this has never been extensively examined. Therefore, we cloned three cDNAs corresponding to murine RyR homologues to carry a comprehensive analysis of their expression in murine tissues. Here, we report that the three genes are expressed in almost all tissues analyzed, where tissue-specific patterns of expression were observed. In the uterus and vas deferens, expression of RyR3 was localized to the smooth muscle component of these organs. In the testis, expression of RyR1 and RyR3 was detected in germ cells. RyR mRNAs were also detected in in vitro-cultured cell lines. RyR1, RyR2, and RyR3 mRNA were detected in the cerebrum and in the cerebellum. In situ analysis revealed a cell type-specific pattern of expression in the different regions of the central nervous system. The differential expression of the three ryanodine receptor genes in the central nervous system was also confirmed using specific antibodies against the respective proteins. This widespread pattern of expression suggests that RyRs may participate in the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis in a range of cells wider than previously recognized.

Research Advances in the Molecular Functions and Relevant Diseases of TAOKs, Novel STE20 Kinase Family Members

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3122-3133
Author(s):  
Junjie Ye ◽  
Mingjun Shi ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Qiuhong Duan
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Kinase Family ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Central Nervous System

As serine/threonine-protein kinases, Thousand and One Kinases(TAOKs) are members of the GCKlike superfamily, one of two well-known branches of the Ste20 kinase family. Within the last two decades, three functionally similar kinases, namely TAOK1-3, were identified. TAOKs are involved in many molecular and cellular events. Scholars widely believe that TAOKs act as kinases upstream of the MAPK cascade and as factors that interact with MST family kinases, the cytoskeleton, and apoptosis-associated proteins. Therefore, TAOKs are thought to function in tumorigenesis. Additionally, TAOKs participate in signal transduction induced by Notch, TCR, and IL-17. Recent studies found that TAOKs play roles in a series of diseases and conditions, such as the central nervous system dysfunction, herpes viral infection, immune system imbalance, urogenital system malformation during development, cardiovascular events, and childhood obesity. Therefore, inhibitory chemicals targeting TAOKs may be of great significance as potential drugs for these diseases.

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