Radiation-induced changes in the differentiation pattern of fibroblasts: The major cause of radiation fibrosis?

Awake fibreoptic intubation is accepted as the gold standard for intubation of patients with an anticipated difficult airway. Radiation fibrosis may cause difficulties during the intubation procedure. We present an unusual severe case of radiation induced changes to the larynx, with limited clinical symptoms, that caused failure of the fibreoptic intubation technique. A review of the known literature on radiation fibrosis and airway management is presented.

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Space Radiation-Induced Alterations in the Hippocampal Ubiquitin-Proteome System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7713

Author(s):

Alyssa Tidmore ◽

Sucharita M. Dutta ◽

Arriyam S. Fesshaye ◽

William K. Russell ◽

Vania D. Duncan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Space Radiation ◽

Label Free ◽

Proteomic Profiling ◽

Neurocognitive Deficits ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Induced Changes

Exposure of rodents to <20 cGy Space Radiation (SR) impairs performance in several hippocampus-dependent cognitive tasks, including spatial memory. However, there is considerable inter-individual susceptibility to develop SR-induced spatial memory impairment. In this study, a robust label-free mass spectrometry (MS)-based unbiased proteomic profiling approach was used to characterize the composition of the hippocampal proteome in adult male Wistar rats exposed to 15 cGy of 1 GeV/n 48Ti and their sham counterparts. Unique protein signatures were identified in the hippocampal proteome of: (1) sham rats, (2) Ti-exposed rats, (3) Ti-exposed rats that had sham-like spatial memory performance, and (4) Ti-exposed rats that impaired spatial memory performance. Approximately 14% (159) of the proteins detected in hippocampal proteome of sham rats were not detected in the Ti-exposed rats. We explored the possibility that the loss of the Sham-only proteins may arise as a result of SR-induced changes in protein homeostasis. SR-exposure was associated with a switch towards increased pro-ubiquitination proteins from that seen in Sham. These data suggest that the role of the ubiquitin-proteome system as a determinant of SR-induced neurocognitive deficits needs to be more thoroughly investigated.

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Impact of [18F]FDG-PET and [18F]FLT-PET-Parameters in Patients with Suspected Relapse of Irradiated Lung Cancer

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Tine N. Christensen ◽

Seppo W. Langer ◽

Gitte Persson ◽

Klaus Richter Larsen ◽

Annemarie G. Amtoft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Tumor Volume ◽

High Dose ◽

Flt Pet ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Fdg Pet Ct ◽

Induced Changes

Radiation-induced changes may cause a non-malignant high 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG)-uptake. The 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine (FLT)-PET/CT performs better in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory changes and lung lesions with a higher specificity than FDG-PET/CT. We investigated the association between post-radiotherapy FDG-PET-parameters, FLT-PET-parameters, and outcome. Sixty-one patients suspected for having a relapse after definitive radiotherapy for lung cancer were included. All the patients had FDG-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT. FDG-PET- and FLT-PET-parameters were collected from within the irradiated high-dose volume (HDV) and from recurrent pulmonary lesions. For associations between PET-parameters and relapse status, respectively, the overall survival was analyzed. Thirty patients had a relapse, of these, 16 patients had a relapse within the HDV. FDG-SUVmax and FLT-SUVmax were higher in relapsed HDVs compared with non-relapsed HDVs (median FDG-SUVmax: 12.8 vs. 4.2; p < 0.001; median FLT-SUVmax 3.9 vs. 2.2; p < 0.001). A relapse within HDV had higher FDG-SUVpeak (median FDG-SUVpeak: 7.1 vs. 3.5; p = 0.014) and was larger (median metabolic tumor volume (MTV50%): 2.5 vs. 0.7; 0.014) than the relapsed lesions outside of HDV. The proliferative tumor volume (PTV50%) was prognostic for the overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.07 pr cm3 [1.01–1.13]; p = 0.014) in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis. FDG-SUVmax and FLT-SUVmax may be helpful tools for differentiating the relapse from radiation-induced changes, however, they should not be used definitively for relapse detection.

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