Estimation of wheat straw quality for edible mushroom production and effects of a growth regulator

In several Mediterranean countries, olive pruning residues (OLPRs) are abandoned or burned leading to several environmental problems. Valorization of these agrowastes could be a challenge for the primary decomposer Pleurotus ostreatus, turning them into edible biomass. The OLPR was used alone (OLPR), or in mixtures with wheat straw (WS : OLPR 1 : 3 v/v and WS : OLPR 3 : 1 v/v). Mycelial colonization was hastened by 3.7 days in WS : OLPR 1 : 3 (v/v). Yields were comparable to control (WS) in WS : OLPR 3 : 1 (v/v). Organic matter loss decreased with increasing proportions of OLPR in substrates. The nutritional value of mushrooms was improved by lower fat and sodium contents, in WS : OLPR 1 : 3 (v/v) and WS : OLPR 3 : 1 (v/v), and higher total protein, crude fiber, iron, and total carbohydrates contents in WS : OLPR 3 : 1 (v/v), compared with those of control. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid, were the most abundant in mushrooms. Monounsaturated fatty acids increased in mushrooms of the substrates containing OLPR. A good predictive model of partial least square regression analysis showed different relationships of mushroom palmitic, oleic, linolenic, palmitoleic, and stearic acids with substrate composition. Findings suggested the use of OLPR as a supplement to commercial wheat straw and as a tool to reduce the negative impacts of their hazardous disposal on the environment.

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Pola Aktivitas Enzim Lakase, Selulase, dan Xilanase Pada Masa Pertumbuhan Budidaya Jamur Tiram Putih [Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.]

Jurnal Biologi Indonesia ◽

10.47349/jbi/17022021/145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 145-151

Author(s):

Iwan Saskiawan ◽

◽

Nunuk Widhyastuti ◽

Kasirah ◽

Dodi Sutardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Similar Pattern ◽

Laccase Activity ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Corn Flour ◽

Mushroom Production ◽

Main Substrate

Recently, Pleurotus ostreatus has become the most cultivated edible mushroom in Indonesia because of the simple in cultivation. Pleurotus ostreatus easy to grow in a medium contained sawdust as a main substrate, with the addition of rice brand, corn flour, lime and gypsum. Mushroom production is bioconversion process which involves the activity of lignocellulolytic enzymes such as laccase, cellulase, and xylanase. The aim of this study was to reveal the pattern of laccase, cellulase, and xylanase activity during the growth of P. ostreatus on the sawdust medium. The results show that the highest laccase activity was obtained on the 15th day after spawn inoculation (ASI) of 0.66 Unit and decline sharply after the day of 45th ASI until the day of 75th ASI. Furthermore, the similar pattern with difference on the time incubation was obtained on the activity of cellulase and xylanase. It was decrease after the day 30th ASI. The highest activity of cellulase was 0.51 Unit on 30th day of ASI and decrease gradually until the day of 75th ASI. Furthermore, the highest activity of xylanase was on 30th day ASI of 0.34 Unit and decrease sharply until the day of 75th.

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STRAW QUALITY OF CEREAL CULTIVARS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH ANHYDROUS AMMONIA

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas79-064 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 511-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

J. A. KERNAN ◽

E. C. COXWORTH ◽

W. L. CROWLE ◽

D. T. SPURR

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Quality Attributes ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Anhydrous Ammonia ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

Before And After ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Straw Quality

Straw components of 14 wheat, oat and barley cultivars grown at four locations, 1975–1976, were compared for feed quality attributes before and after ammoniation. Based on a combined statistical analysis, significant differences (P < 0.05) among cultivars occurred among and within crops for crude protein (CP), in vitro digestible organic matter (DOM) and crude fibre (CF) for untreated straw residues. Average CP and DOM levels were lowest for wheat (3.6 and 36.7%, respectively). Barley had the highest average CP (4.9%) and oats the highest average DOM (39.8%). Wheat straw had substantially higher average CF than either oats or barley. Straw from Pitic 62 wheat, Random oats and Fergus barley showed superior quality attributes (high DOM and CP, low CF) for their respective crops. Neepawa wheat straw appeared to have the poorest quality overall. The straws were treated with anhydrous ammonia (5% on a wt/DM basis) and left in a sealed container at 20° and 15% moisture for 6 days. Following ammoniation: all wheat cultivars had higher CP levels than the oat and barley cultivars; average improvements in CP for wheat, oats and barley were 8.1, 4.7 and 5.3 percentage units, respectively; average DOM levels were similar for wheat, oats and barley; average improvements in DOM were 8.6, 6.1 and 6.6 percentage units, respectively. Neepawa had significantly higher CP following ammoniation than the oat or barley cultivars and showed the highest improvement in DOM (10.1 percentage units). Based on DOM values of the wheat, oat and barley straws, the cultivars Pitic 62, Random and Fergus would still be preferred after ammoniation. There was little to choose between several cultivars within crops for CP content after treatment with ammonia.

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Recycling of jute waste for edible mushroom production

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/0926-6690(00)00002-9 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 173-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M.K Basak ◽

Sunanda Chanda ◽

S.K Bhaduri ◽

S.B Mondal ◽

Rina Nandi

Keyword(s):

Edible Mushroom ◽

Mushroom Production ◽

Jute Waste

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Nutritive value of Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw as ruminant feed

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200008097 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 153-153

Author(s):

H. Fazaeli ◽

A.R. Talebian Masoodi

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Limited Information ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

High Level ◽

Ruminant Feed

Since last decades, much interest has been evidenced for bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials such as production of edible mushroom. In Iran, the mushroom industry has been expanded during the last 20 years and currently more than 50000 tons of mushroom compost is produced annually by aerobic fermentation system. The compost remained after cropping of mushroom constitutes a potential pollutant and its disposal increases the production cost. This waste material is usually rich of microorganisms and extra cellular enzymes (Ball and Jacksa, 1995) and contains a high level of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and trace elements and more degradable than the original straw in the rumen (Zadrazil, 1997). However, there are limited information regarding the nutritive value and utilisation of the mushroom spent straw in animal nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the nutritive value and acceptability of the Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw, obtained from bag system mushroom growing in sheep nutrition.

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