Serotonin level and turnover rate in brown adipose tissue of developing rats

Catecholamine turnover in response to fasting, cold exposure, and a high-fat diet has been measured in the Osborne-Mendel rat, which readily develops obesity when fed a high-fat diet, and the S 5B/P1 rat, which does not. We have tested the hypothesis that this difference in response to diet might be associated with altered rates of norepinephrine or epinephrine turnover. The endogenous norepinephrine concentration in interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly greater in fasted S 5B/P1 rats than in fasted Osborne-Mendel rats. The fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue of fasted animals was also greater in the S 5B/P1 rat than in the Osborne-Mendel rat. Cold exposure increased the fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue for both strains of rats but increased the fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in the pancreas in only the Osborne-Mendel rats. The turnover of epinephrine and the adrenal concentration of this hormone were not different between the two strains. Normal and high-fat diets were fed to both strains; the Osborne-Mendel rats were pair fed the high-fat diet to prevent excess weight gain. Endogenous concentrations of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue was increased by the high-fat diet; the increase was greater in S 5B/P1 rats. The high-fat diet resulted in increased norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue of the S 5B/P1 rat but not the Osborne-Mendel rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Uptake and Turnover Rate of Norepinephrine in Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue of the Young Rat

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000241584 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 42 (3-4) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Gripois ◽

M. Valens

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Turnover Rate ◽

Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Young Rat

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Effects of diet and photoperiod on NE turnover and GDP binding in Siberian hamster brown adipose tissue

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.3.r383 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (3) ◽

pp. R383-R388 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. F. McElroy ◽

P. W. Mason ◽

J. M. Hamilton ◽

G. N. Wade

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Intake ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Turnover Rate ◽

Siberian Hamsters ◽

Bat Mitochondria ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽

Long Photoperiod

This experiment examined the effects of diet and photoperiod on food intake, body weight, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus). BAT function was assessed by measuring both the sympathetic nervous system activity of BAT [estimated by the rate of norepinephrine (NE) turnover] and BAT thermogenic activity (estimated by GDP binding to BAT mitochondria). Nineteen weeks of high-fat feeding in long photoperiod [16:8 light-dark cycle (LD)] caused a 20% increase in food intake but did not affect body weight. Both NE turnover rate and GDP binding in interscapular BAT (IBAT) were increased four- to eightfold relative to that from chow-fed controls. Thus it appears that in Siberian hamsters BAT can serve the same energy-dissipating function during diet-induced overeating previously established in rats and mice. Nineteen-week exposure to a short photoperiod (LD 8:16) produced a reduction in body weight but did not affect food intake. Both NE turnover rate and GDP binding in IBAT were increased two- to fourfold relative to that from long-photoperiod controls. Thus it appears that in Siberian hamsters the photoperiod-induced improvements in thermogenic capacity are mediated via the same mechanisms as are cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis.

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Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20190464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 477 (7) ◽

pp. 1261-1286 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marie Anne Richard ◽

Hannah Pallubinsky ◽

Denis P. Blondin

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Human Infants ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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