AUTONOMIC NEURO-RECEPTOR MECHANISMS IN BRAIN VESSELS

1974 ◽  
pp. 535-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH. OWMAN ◽  
L. EDVINSSON ◽  
K.C. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Brain Vessels

Association of Variables of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Acute-phase with Atherosclerosis in Coronary and Peripheral Arteries and those Arteries Supplying the Brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Heinrich ◽  
Helmut Schulte ◽  
Rainer Schönfeld ◽  
Ekkehart Köhler ◽  
Gerd Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryWe investigated the vessel status of coronary and peripheral arteries and those arteries supplying the brain in 929 consecutive male patients admitted to a coronary rehabilitation unit. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was scored using coronary angiography. Changes in extracranial brain vessels and manifest cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were determined by B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examination. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was diagnosed using base-line and stress oscillography. We assessed variables of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the acute phase response.There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, d-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increasing severity of coronary heart disease. Compared to men with unaffected arteries, men with 3 diseased coronary arteries had 58% greater d-dimer concentrations. Patients with CVD and PAD, respectively, also had significantly higher fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations. We did not find an association between plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.In conclusion, plasma fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations were significantly related to atherosclerosis in the coronary, peripheral and extracranial brain arteries.

scholarly journals Definition and extraction of 2D shape indices of intracranial aneurysm necks for rupture risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mittenentzwei ◽  
Oliver Beuing ◽  
Belal Neyazi ◽  
I. Erol Sandalcioglu ◽  
Naomi Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Rupture Risk ◽  
Parent Vessel ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Shape Indices

Abstract Purpose Intracranial aneurysms are local dilations of brain vessels. Their rupture, as well as their treatment, is associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality. In this work, we propose shape indices for aneurysm ostia for the rupture risk assessment of intracranial aneurysms. Methods We analyzed 84 middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms (27 ruptured and 57 unruptured) and their ostia, with respect to their size and shape. We extracted 3D models of the aneurysms and vascular trees. A semi-automatic approach was used to separate the aneurysm from its parent vessel and to reconstruct the ostium. We used known indices to quantitatively describe the aneurysms. For the ostium, we present new shape indices: the 2D Undulation Index (UI$$_\mathrm{2D}$$ 2 D ), the 2D Ellipticity Index (EI$$_\mathrm{2D}$$ 2 D ) and the 2D Noncircularity Index (NCI$$_\mathrm{2D}$$ 2 D ). Results were analyzed using the Student t test, the Mann–Whitney U test and a correlation analysis between indices of the aneurysms and their ostia. Results Of the indices, none was significantly associated with rupture status. Most aneurysms have an NCI$$_\mathrm{2D}$$ 2 D below 0.2. Of the aneurysms that have an NCI$$_\mathrm{2D}$$ 2 D above 0.5, only one is ruptured, which indicates that ruptured aneurysms often have a circular-shaped ostium. Furthermore, the ostia of ruptured aneurysms tend to have a smaller area, which is also correlated with the aneurysm’s size. While also other variables were significantly correlated, strong linear correlations can only be seen between the area of the ostium with the aneurysm’s volume and surface. Conclusion The proposed shape indices open up new possibilities to quantitatively describe and compare ostia, which can be beneficial for rupture risk assessment and subsequent treatment decision. Additionally, this work shows that the ostium area and the size of the aneurysm are correlated. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to analyze whether stable and unstable aneurysms can be distinguished by their ostia.

White Matter Lesions and Brain Vessels

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. e9-e10
Author(s):  
Andreas Fellgiebel
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Brain Vessels

scholarly journals Leukocyte–Endothelial Adhesion Mechanisms in Epilepsy: Cheers and Jeers

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Vezzani ◽  
Damir Janigro
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
World Population ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Leukocyte Integrins ◽  
Acute Seizure ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Vascular Adhesion ◽  
Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

A Role for Leukocyte-Endothelial Adhesion Mechanisms in Epilepsy. Fabene PF, Navarro MG, Martinello M, Rossi B, Merigo F, Ottoboni L, Bach S, Angiari S, Benati D, Chakir A, Zanetti L, Schio F, Osculati A, Marzola P, Nicolato E, Homeister JW, Xia L, Lowe JB, McEver RP, Osculati F, Sbarbati A, Butcher EC, Constantin G. Nat Med 2008;14(12):1377–1383. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder that affects approximately one percent of the world population, are not well understood1,2,3. Using a mouse model of epilepsy, we show that seizures induce elevated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules and enhanced leukocyte rolling and arrest in brain vessels mediated by the leukocyte mucin P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, encoded by Selplg) and leukocyte integrins41 and L2. Inhibition of leukocyte-vascular interactions, either with blocking antibodies or by genetically interfering with PSGL-1 function in mice, markedly reduced seizures. Treatment with blocking antibodies after acute seizures prevented the development of epilepsy. Neutrophil depletion also inhibited acute seizure induction and chronic spontaneous recurrent seizures. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, which is known to enhance neuronal excitability, was induced by acute seizure activity but was prevented by blockade of leukocyte-vascular adhesion, suggesting a pathogenetic link between leukocyte-vascular interactions, BBB damage and seizure generation. Consistent with the potential leukocyte involvement in epilepsy in humans, leukocytes were more abundant in brains of individuals with epilepsy than in controls. Our results suggest leukocyte-endothelial interaction as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.

Measurement of hydraulic conductivity in isolated arterioles of rat brain cortex

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. H1788-H1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kimura ◽  
H. H. Dietrich ◽  
V. H. Huxley ◽  
D. R. Reichner ◽  
R. G. Dacey
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Spontaneous Tone ◽  
Cerebral Arterioles ◽  
The Relationship

We have developed a new method for quantification of arteriolar hydraulic conductivity (Lp) from isolated rat brain vessels. The volume flux of water per unit surface area across the arteriole wall (Jv/S) was assessed from measurements of silicon oil drop movement within an occluded vessel at two to three pressures (between 20 and 70 mmHg); the Lp was derived from the slope of the relationship between Jv/S and applied pressure. Lp was measured in isolated cerebral arterioles 1) at room temperature (22 degrees C) without spontaneous vessel tone (control Lp; n = 11), 2) at room temperature with 10(-4) M adenosine (n = 5), and 3) at 37 degrees C with vessels dilated submaximally with 10(-4) M adenosine (n = 6). Lp at 22 degrees C without adenosine was 13.2 +/- 4.2 x 10(-9) (+/- SE) cm.s-1.cmH2O-1 for all vessels studied. Lp values ranged from 1.2 to 44.1 x 10(-9) cm.s-1.cmH2O-1 with a median value that was 5.9 x 10(-9) cm.s-1.cmH2O-1. Lp increased significantly (on average, 2.6-fold) with adenosine at 37 degrees C but not with adenosine at 22 degrees C. Control Lp bore no relationship to either the development of spontaneous tone or the diameter response to pH change, two recognized indicators of vessel viability.

scholarly journals Using zebrafish to elucidate glial-vascular interactions during CNS development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn A. Umans ◽  
Carolyn Pollock ◽  
William A. Mills ◽  
Harald Sontheimer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Vessel Development

AbstractAn emerging area of interest in Neuroscience is the cellular relationship between glia and blood vessels, as many of the presumptive support roles of glia require an association with the vasculature. These interactions are best studied in vivo and great strides have been made using mice to longitudinally image glial-vascular interactions. However, these methods are cumbersome for developmental studies, which could benefit from a more accessible system. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are genetically tractable vertebrates, and given their translucency, are readily amenable for daily live imaging studies. We set out to examine whether zebrafish glia have conserved traits with mammalian glia regarding their ability to interact with and maintain the developing brain vasculature. We utilized transgenic zebrafish strains in which oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (olig2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) identify different glial populations in the zebrafish brain and document their corresponding relationship with brain blood vessels. Our results demonstrate that olig2 and gfap zebrafish glia have distinct lineages and each interact with brain vessels as previously observed in mouse brain. Additionally, we manipulated these relationships through pharmacological and genetic approaches to distinguish the roles of these cell types during blood vessel development. olig2 glia use blood vessels as a pathway during their migration and Wnt signaling inhibition decreases their single-cell vessel co-option. By contrast, the ablation of gfap glia at the beginning of CNS angiogenesis impairs vessel development through a reduction in Vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), supporting a role for gfap glia during new brain vessel formation in zebrafish. This data suggests that zebrafish glia, akin to mammalian glia, have different lineages that show diverse interactions with blood vessels, and are a suitable model for elucidating glial-vascular relationships during vertebrate brain development.

scholarly journals Histological study of the drug PEG-Filstim sub-acute toxicity

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
V. L. Karbovskyy ◽  
I. A. Shevchuk ◽  
O. V. Kurkina ◽  
T. Ye. Makovska
Keyword(s):  
Defect Formation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Reticular Tissue ◽  
The Brain

One of the critical steps in development of safe and efficient drugs during their pre-clinical trials are toxicity studies. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study PEG-Filstim toxic effects on animal internal organs and tissues. Toxicity study of PEG-Filstim was performed in 50 white wild-type rats of both sexes with body weight of 170 to 230 g on daily (28 days) subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. In all groups of animals, after completing the experiment careful pathomorphologic and histological examination was performed. PEG-Filstim has been shown to possess no toxic effects on internal organs of laboratory rats and does not cause specific changes in the heart, kidneys and mucous coat of stomach on daily subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg within 28 days. In the maximum applied dose of 2.0 mg/kg, the studied drug causes pronounced acute splenic hyperplasia, related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leads to functional strain of the liver due to formation of hematopoietic foci in it, as well as impaired integrity of the respiratory epithelium and congestive signs in the lungs, swelling of the brain tissues, abnormalities in the gray matter structure and hyperemia of the brain vessels. These effects were not observed in the animals, to which the drug was administered in the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Administration of PEG-Filstim (in all studied doses) results in increasing the size of the ankle joint in rats, which is related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leading to bone defect formation in the form of perforation with subsequent filling the periosteum with reticular tissue and formation of hematopoietic foci within its boundaries.

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