Genetic Analyses of Transpiration Efficiency, Carbon Isotope Discrimination, and Growth Characters in Bread Wheat

1993 ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Ehdaie ◽  
David Barnhart ◽  
J.G. Waines
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Growth Characters

Relationship of grain yield with carbon isotope discrimination and ash content in lines derived from a bread wheat cultivar

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. TSIALTAS ◽  
I. S. TOKATLIDIS ◽  
E. TAMOUTSIDIS ◽  
I. XYNIAS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Relationship Of

The objective was to explore, in lines derived from a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, the association of grain yield with carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and ash content (Ash) determined in both flag leaf and kernel. Divergent selection within the cv. Nestos, based on individual plant yield under very low density (11547 plants/ha), produced 20 lines. Progeny evaluation was conducted in two sites of Northern Hellas (Greece) at both low (11547 plants/ha) and high (5000000 plants/ha) density. The results showed significant differences between lines for grain yield, Δ and Ash. However, only the conclusions on grain yield were similar in low and high density, perhaps because the selection criterion under low density was grain yield. This, combined with the lack of any strong relationship of grain yield with either Δ or Ash, failed to confirm the usefulness of these physiological traits as indirect selection criteria, when the within-cultivar variation for grain yield is exploited. The possible association of grain yield with Δ and Ash appeared to be influenced by various factors such as drought, level of grain yield and altitude. Results also showed that less plant-to-plant variability, as expressed by the coefficients of variation (CV) of single-plant yields, was associated with decreased drought response and higher yield stability. The less stressed lines were those that used water more conservatively till anthesis and maintained a high photosynthetic rate during grain filling.

Drought and Pot Size Effects on Transpiration Efficiency and Carbon Isotope Discrimination of Cowpea Accessions and Hybrids

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Ismail ◽  
AE Hall ◽  
EA Bray
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Pot Size

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as a selection criterion for improving adaptation to water-limited environments because it provides a measure of seasonal transpiration efficiency ( WUE). In cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), consistent genotypic and drought-induced differences in Δ and WUE have been observed which were correlated as expected based on theory. Values of Δ and WUE for reciprocal hybrids grown under field conditions indicated nuclear inheritance for both characters. High WUE and low Δ were partially dominant under dry field pot conditions, whereas high Δ was partially dominant under natural wet soil conditions. Studies were conducted to test whether differences in rooting environment and xylem ABA levels are responsible for this change in dominance relations. Cowpea accessions and hybrids were grown in the field and subjected to wet or dry treatments with three different pot sizes. The experiment was conducted twice, giving similar results. The dry treatment resulted in decreases in Δ, and increases in WUE and ABA concentration in the xylem sap. Under drought, genotypes with higher WUE had higher xylem ABA, and the hybrids exhibited greater increases in ABA concentration in response to the dry treatment than either parent. Partial confounding was present in that the hybrids had substantial leaf area and water-use rate, and may have experienced greater soil drought in some conditions than some parents, with interacting effects of pot size. Plants in larger pots produced more biomass and leaf area but with no changes in xylem ABA. Concentration of ABA in the xylem sap was correlated with Δ and WUE for genotypic and drought treatment effects but not for pot size effects. Hybrids tended to have higher Δ and lower WUE in relation to mid-parent means when grown in large wet pots than in small dry ones. Changes in hybrid performance with respect to Δ and WUE were more consistent with changes in xylem ABA for drought treatment effects than for pot size effects. Another chemical signal might be involved in mediating pot size effects.

Correlation between carbon isotope discrimination and transpiration efficiency in lines of the C4 species Sorghum bicolor in the glasshouse and the field

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Henderson ◽  
S. von Caemmerer ◽  
G.D. Farquhar ◽  
L. Wade ◽  
G. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
C3 Species ◽  
The Mean

Transpiration efficiency, W, the ratio of plant carbon produced to water transpired and carbon isotope discrimination of leaf dry matter, Δd, were measured together on 30 lines of the C4 species, Sorghum bicolor, in the glasshouse and on eight lines grown in the field. In the glasshouse, the mean W observed was 4.9 mmol C mol-1 H2O and the range was 0.8 mmol C mol -1 H2O. The mean Δd was 3.0 and the observed range was 0.4‰. In the field, the mean W was lower at 2.8 mmol C mol-1 H2O and the mean Δd was 4.6‰. Significant positive correlations between W and Δd were observed for plants grown in the glasshouse and in the field. The observed correlations were consistent with theory, opposite to those for C3 species, and showed that variation in Δd was an integrated measure of long-term variation in the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 partial pressure, pi/pa. Detailed gas exchange measurements of carbon isotope discrimination during CO2 uptake, ΔA, and pi/pa were made on leaves of eight S. bicolorlines. The observed relationship between ΔA and pi/pa was linear with a negative slope of 3.7‰ in ΔA for a unit change in pi/pa. The slope of this linear relationship between ΔA and pi/pa in C4 species is dependent on the leakiness of the CO2 concentrating mechanism of the C4 pathway. We estimated the leakiness (defined as the fraction of CO2 released in the bundle sheath by C4 acid decarboxylations, which is lost by leakage) to be 0.2. We conclude that, although variation in Δd observed in the 30 lines of S. bicolor is smaller than that commonly observed in C3 species, it also reflects variation in transpiration efficiency, W. Among the eight lines examined in detail and in the environments used, there was considerable genotype × environment interaction.

Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Transpiration Efficiency in Common Bean

Crop Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ehleringer ◽  
Stephen Klasen ◽  
Creed Clayton ◽  
Dorothy Sherrill ◽  
Mindy Fuller‐Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Isotope Discrimination

Relationship between grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination in bread wheat under four water regimes

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Monneveux ◽  
Matthew P. Reynolds ◽  
Richard Trethowan ◽  
Hector González-Santoyo ◽  
Roberto J. Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Water Regimes
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