Nutritional Factors in Age-Related Osteoporosis

Alu hypomethylation promotes genomic instability and is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Dietary factors affect global DNA methylation, leading to changes in genomic stability and gene expression with an impact on longevity and the risk of disease. This preliminary study aims to investigate the relationship between nutritional factors, such as circulating trace elements, lipids and antioxidants, and Alu methylation in elderly subjects and offspring of healthy nonagenarians. Alu DNA methylation was analyzed in sixty RASIG (randomly recruited age-stratified individuals from the general population) and thirty-two GO (GeHA offspring) enrolled in Italy in the framework of the MARK-AGE project. Factor analysis revealed a different clustering between Alu CpG1 and the other CpG sites. RASIG over 65 years showed lower Alu CpG1 methylation than those of GO subjects in the same age class. Moreover, Alu CpG1 methylation was associated with fruit and whole-grain bread consumption, LDL2-Cholesterol and plasma copper. The preserved Alu methylation status in GO, suggests Alu epigenetic changes as a potential marker of aging. Our preliminary investigation shows that Alu methylation may be affected by food rich in fibers and antioxidants, or circulating LDL subfractions and plasma copper.

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Nutrition and sarcopenia of ageing

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1079/nrr200481 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Satoshi Fujita ◽

Elena Volpi

Keyword(s):

Muscle Protein ◽

The Elderly ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Age Related ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Muscle Protein Metabolism ◽

And Function ◽

Potential Use

Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and function with ageing, is a multifactorial condition that slowly develops over decades and becomes a significant contributor to disability in the older population. Malnutrition and alterations in the muscle anabolic response to nutritional stimuli have been identified as potentially preventable factors that may significantly contribute to sarcopenia. In the present article we review the most recent findings regarding the role of nutritional factors in the development, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Specifically, we focus on the nutritional needs of the elderly; the age-related changes in the response of muscle protein metabolism to feeding and to the endogenous hormones released during feeding; and the role played by the splanchnic tissues in the response of muscle proteins to feeding. Finally, we review the issues relative to the potential use of nutritional therapies, including supplementation, for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

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Nutritional aspects of bone health: Not only a matter of vitamin D

Beyond Rheumatology ◽

10.4081/br.2019.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Maria Giulia Tinti ◽

Angelo De Cata ◽

Vincenzo Carnevale

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Health ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Adult Life ◽

Adequate Intake ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Skeletal Mass ◽

Age Related ◽

Relevant Role ◽

Macro Nutrients

In every stage of life an adequate intake of several micro- and macro-nutrients can favorably affect bone health. In pre-adult life an adequate consumption of such nutrients is essential to build peak bone mass. Later in life, a correct nutrition has a role in maintaining skeletal mass and blunt menopause- and age-related bone loss. The main involved nutrients are calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and proteins. Recent data also stress the relevance of flavonoids and other micro-nutrients. The skeletal availability of single nutritional factors also relies to their reciprocal proportion in diet composition. An adequate nutrition plays a relevant role in the maintenance of bone health throughout life, but should not be regarded as a treatment for osteoporosis.

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Nutritional factors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Results of a case-control study

Experimental Eye Research ◽

10.1016/0014-4835(92)90734-a ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

L Hyman ◽

O He ◽

R Grimson ◽

N Oden ◽

MC Leske ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Age Related ◽

Control Study

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Nutritional Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/413150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lebriz Ersoy ◽

Tina Ristau ◽

Yara T. Lechanteur ◽

Moritz Hahn ◽

Carel B. Hoyng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Red Meat ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Meat Intake ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Age Related ◽

Red Meat Intake ◽

Lipids And Lipoproteins

Purpose. To evaluate the role of nutritional factors, serum lipids, and lipoproteins in late age-related macular degeneration (late AMD).Methods. Intake of red meat, fruit, fish, vegetables, and alcohol, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) were ascertained questionnaire-based in 1147 late AMD cases and 1773 controls from the European Genetic Database. Serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins were determined. The relationship between nutritional factors and late AMD was assessed using logistic regression. Based on multivariate analysis, area-under-the-curve (AUC) was calculated by receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC).Results. In a multivariate analysis, besides age and smoking, obesity (odds ratio (OR): 1.44,P=0.014) and red meat intake (daily: OR: 2.34,P=8.22×10-6; 2–6x/week: OR: 1.67,P=7.98×10-5) were identified as risk factors for developing late AMD. Fruit intake showed a protective effect (daily: OR: 0.52,P=0.005; 2–6x/week: OR: 0.58,P=0.035). Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels showed no significant association with late AMD. ROC for nutritional factors, smoking, age, and BMI revealed an AUC of 0.781.Conclusion. Red meat intake and obesity were independently associated with increased risk for late AMD, whereas fruit intake was protective. A better understanding of nutritional risk factors is necessary for the prevention of AMD.

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Plenary Lecture: Strategies for skeletal health in the elderly

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2002160 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Richard Eastell ◽

Helen Lambert

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Peak Bone Mass ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Health ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Age Related

Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly, and the fractures that result from this disorder affect 40 % of women and 14 % of men over the age of 50 years. The risk of fracture relates to bone mineral density and the risk of falling, among other factors. Low bone mineral density in the elderly can result from either low peak bone mass or accelerated bone loss, or a combination of the two. Nutritional factors play a role in both the attainment of peak bone mass and in the rate of age-related bone loss. The main determinants of peak bone mass are genetic factors, early-life nutrition, diet and exercise. Of the nutritional factors Ca, and particularly milk, are the most important contributors to peak bone mass. Some of these factors may interact; for example, a low dietary Ca in addition to an unfavourable vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism may result in low peak bone mass. The age-related changes in bone mass may also have a genetic basis, but deficiency of oestrogen is a major contributor. In addition, undernutrition is common in the elderly, and lack of dietary protein contributes both to impaired bone mineral conservation and increased propensity to fall. There is a decreased ability of the intestine to adapt to a low-Ca diet with increasing age. Other dietary factors include vitamin K, Zn and fruit and vegetables. Adequate nutritional status, particularly of Ca and vitamin D, is essential for the successful pharmaceutical treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, strategies for enhancing skeletal health in the elderly must begin in early childhood, and continue throughout life.

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