An Agent-Based Model of Global Carbon Mitigation Through Bilateral Negotiation Under Economic Constraints: The Key Role of Stakeholders’ Feedback and Facilitated Focus Groups and Meetings in the Development of Behavioral Models of Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Douglas Crawford-Brown ◽  
Helin Liu ◽  
Elisabete A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Carbon Mitigation ◽  
Bilateral Negotiation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals Exploring the effectiveness of a COVID-19 contact tracing app using an agent-based model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Almagor ◽  
Stefano Picascia
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
User Rate

AbstractA contact-tracing strategy has been deemed necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 following the relaxation of lockdown measures. Using an agent-based model, we explore one of the technology-based strategies proposed, a contact-tracing smartphone app. The model simulates the spread of COVID-19 in a population of agents on an urban scale. Agents are heterogeneous in their characteristics and are linked in a multi-layered network representing the social structure—including households, friendships, employment and schools. We explore the interplay of various adoption rates of the contact-tracing app, different levels of testing capacity, and behavioural factors to assess the impact on the epidemic. Results suggest that a contact tracing app can contribute substantially to reducing infection rates in the population when accompanied by a sufficient testing capacity or when the testing policy prioritises symptomatic cases. As user rate increases, prevalence of infection decreases. With that, when symptomatic cases are not prioritised for testing, a high rate of app users can generate an extensive increase in the demand for testing, which, if not met with adequate supply, may render the app counterproductive. This points to the crucial role of an efficient testing policy and the necessity to upscale testing capacity.

scholarly journals Lattice-based microenvironmental uncertainty driven phenotypic decision-making: a comparison with Notch-Delta-Jagged signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Ajith Pujar ◽  
Arnab Barua ◽  
Divyoj Singh ◽  
Ushasi Roy ◽  
Mohit Kumar Jolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Variational Principle ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Agent Based

Phenotypic decision-making is a process of determining important phenotypes in accordance with the available microenvironmental information. Although phenotypic decision at the level of a single cell has been precisely studied, but the knowledge is still imperceptible at the multicellular level. How cells sense their environment and adapt? How single cells change their phenotype in a multicellular complex environment (without knowing the interactions among the cells), is still a rheotorical question. To unravel the fragmental story of multicellular decision-making, Least microEnvironmental Uncertainty Principle (LEUP) was refined and applied in this context. To address this set of questions, we use variational principle to grasp the role of sensitivity, build a LEUP driven agent-based model on a lattice which solely hinges on microenvironmental information and investigate the parallels in a well-known biological system, viz., Notch-Delta-Jagged signaling pathway. The analyses of this model led us to interesting spatiotemporal patterns in a population of cells, responsive to the sensitivity parameter and the radius of interaction. This resembles the tissue-level pattern of a population of cells interacting via Notch-Delta-Jagged signaling pathway in some parameter regimes.

Endogenous Uncertainty and the Dynamics of Constraints

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-260
Author(s):  
Paul Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Endogenous Uncertainty ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Special Case

An agent- based model of social dynamics is introduced using a deformable fitness landscape, and it is shown that in certain clearly specifiable situations, strategies that are different from utility maximization outperform utility maximizers. Simulation results are presented and intuitive interpretations of the results provided. The situations considered occur when individuals' actions affect the outcomes for other agents and endogenous effects are dominant. The Tragedy of the Commons is merely a special case of this. Arguments are given that constraints are to be encouraged in some circumstances. The appropriate role of constraints in various types of society is assessed and their use justified in identifiable types of situations.

An Agent-Based Model of Insurance and Protection Decisions on IT Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Santos
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Information Systems Security ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Systems Security ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Game Theoretical Approach

This paper discusses the key role of incentives in information systems security. Vulnerabilities can be reduced, and even removed, if individual motivations are taken into account in the process of protection and insurance design. The article first discusses the importance of externalities, free-riding behavior, uncertainty and the incentives mismatch between individuals and organizations involved in information systems security. Previous works perform this study using a game theoretical approach but the paper shows that an agent-based model is capable of including the heterogeneity and interrelations among individuals, not focusing on the reached equilibrium but on the dynamics prior to its emergence.

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