Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of Air Pollution Control Measures at Industrial Point Emission Sources: Methodological Overview and Guidance for the Assessment of Health-Related Damage Costs

Many countries are investing in measures to improve surface water quality, but the investment programmes for so doing are increasingly becoming subject to cost-benefit analysis. Whilst the cost of control measures can usually be determined for individual improvement schemes, there are currently no established procedures for valuing the benefits attributable to improved surface water quality. The paper describes a methodology that has been derived that now makes this possible.

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Cost Benefit and Environmental Risk Aspects in the Context of European Air Pollution Control Strategies

Risk Assessment in Setting National Priorities ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-5682-0_32 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 307-315

Author(s):

Otto Rentz ◽

Thomas Morgenstern ◽

Georg Schons

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Air Pollution Control

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Air pollution control and decreasing new particle formation lead to strong climate warming

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-11-25991-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 25991-26007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Makkonen ◽

A. Asmi ◽

V.-M. Kerminen ◽

M. Boy ◽

A. Arneth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Control Measures ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

New Particle Formation ◽

Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Forcing ◽

Year 2000

Abstract. The number of cloud droplets determines several climatically relevant cloud properties. A major cause for the high uncertainty in the indirect aerosol forcing is the availability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), which in turn is highly sensitive to atmospheric new particle formation. Here we present the effect of new particle formation on anthropogenic aerosol forcing in present-day (year 2000) and future (year 2100) conditions. The total aerosol forcing (−1.61 W m−2 in year 2000) is simulated to be greatly reduced in the future, to −0.23 W m−2, mainly due to decrease in SO2 emissions and resulting decrease in new particle formation. With the total aerosol forcing decreasing in response to air pollution control measures taking effect, warming from increased greenhouse gas concentrations can potentially increase at a very rapid rate.

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Using Costs and Health Benefits to Estimate the Priority of Air Pollution Control Action Plan: A Case Study in Taiwan

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10175970 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 5970

Author(s):

Hsin-Chih Lai ◽

Min-Chuan Hsiao ◽

Je-Liang Liou ◽

Li-Wei Lai ◽

Pei-Chih Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Action Plan ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Kriging Method ◽

Quality Modeling

A comparative analysis was conducted between the costs and health benefits of the Air Pollution Control Action Plan (APCAP), which can be implemented in any country to improve air quality and human health. In this study, air quality modeling was used to simulate several scenarios and implement the Kriging method to describe the PM2.5 reduction concentration instantly. Then, health benefits were estimated using the environmental benefit mapping and analysis program (BenMAP) with results from the air quality modeling and Kriging method. To estimate the priority of APCAP, 14 pollution control measures that cover point, mobile, and area sources of air pollution in Taiwan were analyzed. The results indicate that the health benefits of the Taiwan APCAP (TAPCAP) are generally greater than the technical costs. Thus, the implementation of this strategy may result in net benefits. In addition, the benefit-to-control cost ratio for health for the 14 pollution control measures was calculated. The results provide evidence to prioritize the implementation of air quality policies with a higher benefit-cost ratio.

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The policy implementation strategies of county cadres: Political instrument and flexible local governance

China Information ◽

10.1177/0920203x20968230 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0920203X2096823

Author(s):

Gang Tian ◽

Wen-Hsuan Tsai

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Governance ◽

Implementation Strategies ◽

Control Measures ◽

The Political ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Grass Roots ◽

Political Risks

Using the concept of ‘hedging’, we explore how local cadres in China deviate from central policies in order to serve local interests and, while doing so, avoid being called to account by their superiors. Political signals enable cadres to decide when to invest more resources into the implementation of certain policies. In this way, they optimize their performance and avoid the political risks involved in failing to carry out their designated tasks. This article uses county Y as an example in a discussion of county-level implementation of policies related to economic growth and air pollution control. We find that local cadres weaken the functions of the superior ‘special inspection team’ (专项督察组, hereafter inspection team), treating them as political instruments used by the central and local authorities to ensure a greater level of responsiveness at the grass roots. Information concerning the imminent arrival of an inspection team in their locality acts as a signal for cadres to allocate more resources to the enforcement of air pollution control measures, thus maximizing their performance in this area. Through this research, we have endeavoured to provide a deeper understanding of the operating logic of Chinese local governments and the behaviour of county cadres.

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