Macroconsumer–Resource Interactions

2017 ◽  
pp. 399-412
Author(s):  
Ashley H. Moerke ◽  
Carl R. Ruetz ◽  
Troy N. Simon ◽  
Catherine M. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Resource Interactions

scholarly journals OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING – A SNAPSHOT OF EMPLOYEES’ LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3905-3910
Author(s):  
Galya Stankova ◽  
◽  
Nevena Tzacheva ◽  
Lidiya Hristova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Training Support ◽  
Social Fund ◽  
Resource Interactions ◽  
Efficient Resource

Introduction: The EU strategy “Europe 2020” sets up the instruments and targets for better educational levels and training as social dialogue, awareness-levels raising, law enforcement in the field of EU and national legislation. There are efficient resource interactions with other policy areas such as public health and education. EU funds, such as the European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Program for Employment and Social Innovation (EaSI), will support the application of rules relating to health and safety at work. Purpose of this study is analysis and evaluation of the employees, knowledge about health and safety at the workplace and how effective were the conducted OHS training. Tasks: Defining the level of awareness of workers for possibilities of health damage at work. Measuring the level of OSH training support for the implementation of preventive approaches to health protection in the workflow. Studying the preliminary psychological attitude towards OHS training both for employers and employees. Method: Survey through a questionnaire held among workers and employees in several branches of the private sector. Results: The study provides summarized information on several subjects: workers’ knowledge about dangerous hazards in their own working environment; adherence of the safety at work rules; proper use of personal protective equipment and specific work protective equipment; types of training, outreach and education the employees have undergone; levels of basic knowledge of the law and regulations related to OHS; most common methods of OHS training and education and their interpretation for safety and health at work. Conclusions: Most workers are well aware of the health risks at their workplaces. All of them have passed at least one educational course related to OHS. More than 2/3 of the respondents have participated in several types of training. Workers have a basic knowledge of Bulgarian employment law, but it’s incomplete and can be extended to a better degree. The most common reason for participating in Health and Safety at work training is obligatory both by law or higher management of the company. There is a high need to supplement the OHS legislation.

scholarly journals The geographic scaling of biotic interactions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel B Araújo ◽  
Alejandro Rozenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Resource Interactions ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Consumer Resource

A central tenet of ecology and biogeography is that the broad outlines of species ranges are determined by climate, whereas the effects of biotic interactions are manifested at local scales. While the first proposition is supported by ample evidence, the second is still a matter of controversy. To address this question, we develop a mathematical model that predicts the spatial overlap, i.e., co-occurrence, between pairs of species subject to all possible types of interactions. We then identify the scale in which predicted range overlaps are lost. We found that co-occurrence arising from positive interactions, such as mutualism (+/+) and commensalism (+/0), are manifested across scales of resolution. Negative interactions, such as competition (-/-) and amensalism (-/0), generate checkerboard-type co-occurrence patterns that are discernible at finer resolutions. Scale dependence in consumer-resource interactions (+/-) depends on the strength of positive dependencies between species. Our results challenge the widely held view that climate alone is sufficient to characterize species distributions at broad scales, but also demonstrate that the spatial signature of competition is unlikely to be discernible beyond local and regional scales.

Environmental resource interactions affect red raspberry growth and its competition with white spruce

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Resource Interactions ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Multifactor experiments were used to study the effects of (1) shade, moisture, and nutrients on above- and below-ground biomass production of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and (2) intra- versus inter-specific competition for light, nitrogen, and space in interplantings of raspberry and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings. Interactive effects among the manipulated resources on seedling growth were common. Raspberry biomass increased with increasing moisture and nutrients or with added nitrogen when nitrogen was the only nutrient manipulated. Seventy-three percent shade reduced raspberry biomass production, while production under full sun and 30% shade was similar. Raspberry shoot/root ratio increased with increasing nutrients and shade but decreased with age. In mixed plantings with spruce, when nitrogen was added, raspberry biomass and shoot/root ratio increased at the expense of spruce, while the shoot/root ratio decreased with shade in low-nitrogen plots. Spruce height growth was not affected by light level, nitrogen addition, or competition type; however, spruce diameter and biomass production decreased with competition from both raspberry and spruce and increased with increasing growing space and in low-nitrogen shaded plots where raspberry was less common.

scholarly journals Cohesiveness in microbial community coalescence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanxi Lu ◽  
Alicia Sanchez-Gorostiaga ◽  
Mikhail Tikhonov ◽  
Alvaro Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Resource Interactions ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMicrobial invasions exhibit many unique properties; notably, entire microbial communities often invade one another, a phenomenon known as community coalescence. In spite of the potential importance of this process for the dynamics and stability of microbiome assembly, our understanding of it is still very limited. Recent theoretical and empirical work has proposed that large microbial communities may exhibit an emergent cohesiveness, as a result of collective consumer-resource interactions and metabolic feedbacks between microbial growth and the environment. A fundamental prediction of this proposal is the presence of ecological co-selection during community coalescence, where the invasion success of a given taxon is determined by its community members. To establish the generality of this prediction in experimental microbiomes, we have performed over one hundred invasion and coalescence experiments with environmental communities of different origins that had spontaneously and stably assembled in two different synthetic aerobic environments. We show that the dominant species of the coalesced communities can both recruit their community members (top-down co-selection) and be recruited by them (bottom-up co-selection) into the coalesced communities. Our results provide direct evidence that collective invasions generically produce ecological co-selection of interacting species, emphasizing the importance of community-level interactions during microbial community assembly.

scholarly journals Species heterogeneity in food webs can reduce the potential for alternative stable states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim A. Karatayev ◽  
Marissa L. Baskett ◽  
Egbert van Nes
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Alternative Stable States ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Resource Interactions ◽  
Vulnerable Consumers ◽  
Consumer Recovery ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Species Roles

AbstractOverexploitation can lead to a rapid collapse of consumers that is difficult to reverse if ecosystems exhibit alternative stable states. However, support for this phenomenon remains predominantly limited to simple models, whereas food webs might dissipate the feedback loops that create alternative stable states through species-specific demography and interactions. Here we develop a general model of consumer-resource interactions with two types of processes: either specialized feedbacks where individual resources become unpalatable at high abundance or aggregate feedbacks where overall resource abundance reduces consumer recruitment. We then quantify how the degree of interconnectedness and species differences in demography affect the potential for either feedback to produce consumer- or resource-dominated food web states. Our results highlight that such alternative stable states could be more likely to happen when aggregate feedbacks or lower species differences increase redundancy in species contributions to persistence of the consumer guild. Conversely, specialized palatability feedbacks with distinctive species roles in guild persistence reduce the potential for alternative states but increase the likelihood that losing vulnerable consumers cascades into a food web collapse at low stress levels, a fragility absent in few-species models. Altogether, we suggest that species heterogeneity has a greater impact on whether feedbacks prevent consumer recovery than on the presence of many-species collapses.

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