Population improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-330
Author(s):  
Dhan Pal Singh ◽  
Asheesh K. Singh ◽  
Arti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Population Improvement

scholarly journals Population improvement and synthetic cultivar production in forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Field Transplant

AbstractExperimental results are brought together to demonstrate that forage kale population improvement involving full-sib and selfed families can be done on an annual cycle, followed by production of a synthetic cultivar. Furthermore, this new breeding method compares favourably with the two successful methods used to date, namely triple-cross hybrid cultivars from inbreeding and crossbreeding programmes and open-pollinated cultivars from population improvement programmes. The key findings were that natural vernalization of kale in south east Scotland occurred by mid-December so that plants could be pollinated in a glasshouse with heating and lighting by the end of February and seed harvested by the end of May. The resulting full-sib or selfed families could be assessed in a field transplant trial in the same year, from June to November, thus completing an annual cycle. Self-pollination resulted in shorter plants with lower fresh-weight, dry-matter and digestible organic-matter yields, and undesirably higher contents of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide, the haemolytic anaemia factor, and the goitrogenic thiocyanate ion. As a consequence of digestible organic-matter yield being reduced by as much as 22%, the estimated optimum number of selfed parents in a synthetic cultivar was four to eight. Synthetic cultivars are expected to yield as well as triple-cross hybrids as there was no reduction in yield when the latter were open-pollinated.

A Comprehensive Breeding Procedure Utilizing Recurrent Selection for Peanuts1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Monteverde-Penso ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
R. W. Mozingo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Yield Trials

Abstract A comprehensive breeding procedure for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) consisting of three stages — till development of a genetically broad-based virginia-type population, recurrent selection without extensive crossing for continued population improvement, and isolation of pure lines from high yielding families at each cycle of selection was initiated in 1974. Forty S1 families in S3 generation were selected from each cycle of selection. Only five families from cycle 0 outyielded the check cultivar. Florigiant, whereas yield of all selected families from the next two cycles exceeded the yield of Florigiant. Pure lines isolated from high yielding cycle 0 families have yielded more than Florigiant in advanced yield trials. Use of this procedure provides a systematic approach in developing higher yielding peanut cultivars with a broad genetic base.

Concepts of varietal value and of test value in autotetraploids. Application to genetic advance in population improvement

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gallais
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Double Cross

The application to autotetraploids of the concepts of varietal value and of test value allows the derivation of expressions of genetic advance for the different types of varietal values (per se value, line value, single-cross or double-cross values, synthesizing ability) according to the testing system used to select the intercrossed plants. Formulae are given for series of intrapopulation schemes and for reciprocal recurrent selection. With autotetraploids, if non-inbred plants are intercrossed and when epistasis is not involved, there is a contribution of additive effects and of dominance effects for the considered testing systems. However, it is shown that, except for mass selection or S1 selection devoted to improve the per se value of the population, the contribution of dominance is very low. The formulae are exactly the same as for diploids if the contribution of dominance variance is neglected.Key words: autopolyploid, quantitative genetics, varietal ability, test value, recurrent selection.

Identification of early-maturing maize inbred lines based on multiple traits under drought and low N environments for hybrid development and population improvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Badu-Apraku ◽  
R. Akinwale
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Hybrid Development ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Badu-Apraku, B. and Akinwale, R. O. 2011. Identification of early-maturing maize inbred lines based on multiple traits under drought and low N environments for hybrid development and population improvement. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 931–942. Drought and low nitrogen stresses are major limiting factors to maize (Zea mays L.) production and productivity in West and Central Africa. Studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 at three locations in Nigeria under induced drought stress and low nitrogen conditions. The objective was to identify superior inbred lines for use as parents for hybrid production and for introgression into maize breeding populations. The inbreds TZEI 17, TZEI 13, TZEI 23, TZEI 2, TZEI 3, TZEI 22, TZEI 7, TZEI 11, and TZEI 8 were identified as the most promising parents under drought stress. Under low N, TZEI 7, TZEI 11, TZEI 2, TZEI 4, TZEI 10, TZEI 8, and TZEI 22 were selected. TZEI 11, TZEI 2, TZEI 8, and TZEI 22 had combined tolerance to drought stress and low N and could be used as germplasm sources for introgression of tolerance genes as well as for the development of drought and/or low-N-tolerant hybrids. Under drought stress, TZEI 17, TZEI 3, TZEI 23, and TZEI 13 were the closest to the ideal genotype, while TZEI 7, TZEI 2, and TZEI 11 were the closest under low-N conditions.

scholarly journals Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Progeny of a Biparental Mapping Population of Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benard Yada ◽  
Gina Brown-Guedira ◽  
Agnes Alajo ◽  
Gorrettie N. Ssemakula ◽  
Robert O.M. Mwanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

Genetic diversity is critical in sweetpotato improvement as it is the source of genes for desired genetic gains. Knowledge of the level of genetic diversity in a segregating family contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity present in crosses and helps breeders to make selections for population improvement and cultivar release. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have become widely used markers for diversity and linkage analysis in plants. In this study, we screened 405 sweetpotato SSR markers for polymorphism on the parents and progeny of a biparental cross of New Kawogo × Beauregard cultivars. Thereafter, we used the informative markers to analyze the diversity in this population. A total of 250 markers were polymorphic on the parents and selected progeny; of these, 133 were informative and used for diversity analysis. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of the 133 markers ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 with an average of 0.7, an indication of high level of informativeness. The pairwise genetic distances among the progeny and parents ranged from 0.2 to 0.9, and they were grouped into five main clusters. The 133 SSR primers were informative and are recommended for use in sweetpotato diversity and linkage analysis.

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