Challenges and opportunities of implementing early interventions for autism spectrum disorders in resource-limited settings: A South African example

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-132
Author(s):  
Liezl Schlebusch ◽  
Nola J. Chambers ◽  
John-Joe Dawson-Squibb ◽  
Michal Harty ◽  
Lauren Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
South African ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Parent-reported feeding and swallowing difficulties of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (aged 3 to 5 years) compared to typically developing peers: a South African study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 524-532
Author(s):  
Mari Viviers ◽  
Marguerite Jongh ◽  
Lindsay Dickonson ◽  
Roxanne Malan ◽  
Tamaryn Pike
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
South African ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Research on aspects of neurodevelopment such as feeding and swallowing difficulties in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is limited in low and middle income countries such as South Africa. Method: A descriptive comparative group design was used to investigate feeding and swallowing difficulties of young children with ASD in comparison to typically developing peers. The Brief Autism Mealtime Behavioural Inventory (BAMBI) was used. Results: Findings indicated a significant difference in the severity of feeding and swallowing difficulties between the two groups. Difficulties such as food selectivity, sensory processing difficulties, oral-motor difficulties and symptoms of dysphagia were iden- tified. The findings added to the existing global literature on feeding and swallowing difficulties in young children with ASD but provide a unique first perspective on these difficulties in South African children with ASD. Conclusion: Findings also highlighted the use of the BAMBI as an adjunct clinical tool to encourage comprehensive parental report during feeding assessment in this population. Cultural adaptation of the BAMBI for future use in African countries should be considered. A better local understanding of the parental perspective on the multidimensional nature of the feeding and swallowing difficulties displayed by young children with ASD was obtained. Keywords: Parent-reported feeding; swallowing difficulties; Autism Spectrum Disorders; South Africa. 

scholarly journals What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about interventions for autism spectrum disorders?

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Lyra ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Rizzo ◽  
Camila Sá Sunahara ◽  
Daniela Vianna Pachito ◽  
Carolina de Oliveira Cruz Latorraca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Skill Groups ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder and pervasive developmental disorder. The manifestations of ASDs can have an important impact on learning and social functioning that may persist during adulthood. The aim here was to summarize the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews on interventions for ASDs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted within the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: We included and summarized the results from Cochrane systematic reviews on interventions for ASDs. RESULTS: Seventeen reviews were included. These found weak evidence of benefits from acupuncture, gluten and casein-free diets, early intensive behavioral interventions, music therapy, parent-mediated early interventions, social skill groups, Theory of Mind cognitive model, aripiprazole, risperidone, tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI); this last only for adults. No benefits were found for sound therapies, chelating agents, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, omega-3, secretin, vitamin B6/magnesium and SSRI for children. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture, gluten and casein-free diets, early intensive behavioral interventions, music therapy, parent-mediated early interventions, social skill groups and the Theory of Mind cognitive model seem to have benefits for patients with autism spectrum disorders (very low to low-quality evidence). Aripiprazole, risperidone, tricyclic antidepressants and SSRI (this last only for adults) also showed some benefits, although associated with higher risk of adverse events. Experimental studies to confirm a link between probable therapies and the disease, and then high-quality long-term clinical trials, are needed.

Professional Competence of Teachers and Administration of General Education Institutions for Teaching Student With Disability as a Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 454-472
Author(s):  
Sedrak Sedrakyan ◽  
Ashik Marandzhyan ◽  
Bronius Aismontas ◽  
Lana Tyulikova
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
General Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This chapter development of the professional competence of teachers and administration and title involves the treatment of attention to the education of student with disabilities Act (IDEA) with regard to appearance and development of their empathy, emotional self-control, patriotism, talent. An important role in this process is played by being nearby in the system general education of professionals, which also need to train the work with people to deepen their knowledge and skills, to avoid victimization of the educational environment and victim behavior of its all members. The chapter assumes the description of the characteristics of the work on formation of emotional self-control and empathy as student with IDEA and professionals in the general education system. place the problems of diagnosis of edginess of student with IDEA will be given, described the challenges and opportunities to overcome the educational difficulties in student with autism spectrum disorders, describes the technology to prevent the victimization of the educational environment, the development of patriotism.

scholarly journals Telehealth Services for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Rural Areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Overview and Recommendations (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahad Alkhalifah ◽  
Hesham Aldhalaan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

UNSTRUCTURED Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the most-prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. However, each child diagnosed with ASD presents with a unique range of behavioral and communication problems and issues with social skills. Many studies have highlighted the importance of early interventions for children with ASD to improve their skills and provide their families with the necessary support. However, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the earliest that a child with ASD in the major cities receives an intervention is at the age of 4 years, owing to limited services and a lack of awareness of the importance and benefits of early interventions. Families who live in rural areas of KSA arguably have a greater need for these services, as they have to travel to cities such as Riyadh for help. The use of telehealth services may be effective for ASD intervention among children living in rural areas, since such services use technology to provide consultations, interventions, diagnosis, training, and education. Research indicates that telehealth services are as valuable as traditional face-to-face treatment, allow families to obtain support from their homes, and help them improve their quality of life. This review will discuss the application of telehealth services to support families in rural areas of KSA who are dealing with issues of ASD, considering the cultural and religious contexts. In addition, it will examine ways in which technology can be employed to suit KSA’s culture and needs.

Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Julie E. Cleary ◽  
Ashlynn McAlpine ◽  
Allison M. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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