Fibromyalgia of the Cervical Musculature

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Steven D. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Musculature

scholarly journals Biomechanical changes of the oral and craniofacial regions as a result of altered breathing patterns

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
R. Jordaan ◽  
M. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biomechanical Changes ◽  
Cervical Musculature

The purpose of this report is to discuss the biomechanical changes in the oral and craniofacial regions as a result of altered breathing patterns. The increase in air pollution and allergens, resulting in allergic reactions, is often the cause of chronic nasal obstruction. The biomechanics of the oral, cranial and facial areas are intimately linked, and will be adversely affected by any change in the breathing pattern. As a result of nasal obstruction, the biomechanics of respiration changes to facilitate mouth breathing, and the resting position of the tongue and mandible is disrupted. The lips are parted, the freeway space and craniocervical angulation increase. The muscle activity of the posterior cervical musculature, anterior temporalis and suprahyoid muscles will be increased. The equilibrium of forces in the oral and craniofacial region is disturbed, and these abnormal forces could lead to the development of “adenoid facies”, malocclusions and dysfunction over a period of time. It is important to diagnose chronic nasal obstruction and mouth breathing early and start treatment before the negative effects of the musculoskeletal system occur. A sound understanding of the biomechanical changes will enable the physiotherapist to carry out a skilful examination and plan a treatment program, based on informed decisions.

Splenic haemangiosarcoma with metastasis to the cervical musculature in an aged pony

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
TJ Parkinson ◽  
TD Mogg ◽  
S Dykgraaf ◽  
MG Collett
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Musculature

Morphology, histochemistry, and function of epaxial cervical musculature in the horse (Equus caballus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Gellman ◽  
J.E.A. Bertram ◽  
J.W. Hermanson
Keyword(s):  
Equus Caballus ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cervical Musculature

Cruveilhier plexus: an anatomical study and a potential cause of failed treatments for occipital neuralgia and muscular and facet denervation procedures

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Martin M. Mortazavi ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Anthony V. D'Antoni ◽  
Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facet Joint ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Facet Denervation ◽  
Posterior Neck ◽  
Dorsal Rami ◽  
Cervical Musculature ◽  
Sensory Fibers

Object The nerves of the posterior neck are often encountered by the neurosurgeon and are sometimes the focus of denervation procedures for muscular, joint, or nervous pathologies. One collection of fibers in this region that has not been previously investigated is the Cruveilhier plexus, interneural connections between the dorsal rami of the upper cervical nerves. Methods Fifteen adult cadavers (30 sides) were subjected to dissection of the upper cervical and occipital regions with special attention given to identifying potential connections between adjacent extradural dorsal rami of the cervical nerves. When connections were identified, measurements were made and random samples were immunohistochemically stained. Results At least one communicating branch was identified on 86.7% of sides. Sampled nervous loops were composed primarily of sensory fibers, but occasional motor fibers were identified. For C-1, a communicating loop joined the medial branches of C-2 on 65.4% of sides. On 29.4% of sides, this loop pierced the obliquus capitis inferior muscle before joining C-2. On 54% of sides, a communicating loop joined the medial branches of the dorsal rami of C-2 and C-3; and on 15.4% of sides, a communicating loop joined the medial branches of the dorsal rami of C-3 and C-4. No specimen had communicating branches between the dorsal rami of cervical nerves C-5 to C-8. Articular branches arose from the deep surface of the interneural connections as they crossed the adjacent facet joint on 34.6% of sides. Loops giving rise to fibers that terminated into surrounding musculature were seen on 35% of sides. Conclusions Physical examinations that reveal unexpected results, such as altered sensory dermatome findings, may be attributed to the Cruveilhier plexus. Based on findings in the present study, surgical procedures, such as those aimed at completely denervating the upper posterior cervical musculature, facets, or nerves supplying the skin of the occiput, must also transect the Cruveilhier plexus.

scholarly journals An Idiopathic Febrile Necrotizing Arteritis Syndrome in the Dog: Beagle Pain Syndrome,

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_part_2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Hayes ◽  
G. K. S. Roberts ◽  
W. H. Halliwell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cervical Musculature

The clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of a syndrome in dogs characterized by intermittent pain, fever, neutrophilia, and necrotizing arteritis are described to alert others involved in toxicity testing to the existence of this disorder. It is considered that this idiopathic syndrome is a latent condition, the expression of which can be precipitated in predisposed dogs by experimental treatment, and thus, its occurrence could complicate interpretation of toxicity studies. We have observed the disorder in 14 beagle dogs. The syndrome is rare and most cases for study were supplied by the breeder. Typical clinical signs observed included evidence of pain when the mouth was opened, grunting when lifted, and standing with an arched back and lowered head. Appetite was usually reduced. Body temperature was elevated (e.g., 104–106°F). There was progressive, bilateral atrophy of temporal and cervical musculature. Such signs have been observed to persist unremittingly or, more commonly, with periods of expression and remission. Neutrophilic leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were present. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were usually slightly decreased. Serum total protein was usually normal but albumin was reduced and alpha-2 globulins were markedly increased. Rheumatoid factor was elevated in several dogs. Arteritis was observed histologically and was characterized by necrosis, intimal proliferation, neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration in the media and periarterial tissues, and hemorrhage. Amyloidosis was observed in several dogs. The cause of this disorder is unknown. Knowledge of the distinct features of this syndrome should obviate complication of interpretation of results in toxicity studies and hopefully will lead to studies of this syndrome to provide an understanding of its etiopathogenesis.

RELIABILITY OF AN ADVANCED METHOD FOR ISOMETRIC NECK MUSCLE STRENGTH MEASUREMENT

2002 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOK-YONG SENG ◽  
PIN-MIN LAM
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
New Device ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Cervical Musculature

This paper is a descriptive study involving repeated within and between studies of maximal isometric strength measurements to determine the reproducibility of an advanced mechanical device in assessing maximal isometric strength of the cervical musculature. Measurements of neck muscular strength and endurance present unique challenges, due to the complexity of neck motion and absence of appropriate reference bony landmarks. Assessment of cervical musculature characteristics is further complicated by a lack of affordable and reliable measurement equipment. Previous methods commonly employed strain gauge measurement and customized helmet dynamometry, but no device, engaging a computer-controled dynamometer, has been presented so far. A new device incorporating anthropometry measurements of the local population was constructed for neck strength evaluation on the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex, Corp., Shirley, NY). Intratester repeatability testing of the device was conducted in four principal directions: flexion, extension and left and right lateral bending. The result for intraday and day-to-day studies was good for all measured parameters. This new device can be used to measure isometric flexion, extension and lateral bending torque. By permitting the neck's 'natural' motions, it may also quantify maximal isokinetic strength and endurance ratios. Hence, the device can serve as a useful and practical tool for neck strength measurement, training and rehabilitation purposes.

Myoarchitectonic spinolaminoplasty: efficacy in reconstituting the cervical musculature and preserving biomechanical function

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Kim ◽  
Hidetoshi Murata ◽  
Ryu Kurokawa ◽  
Yoshiyuki Takaishi ◽  
Keizo Asakuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinous Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spinal Alignment ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Muscle Flaps ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Musculoskeletal Function ◽  
Cervical Musculature

Object Laminoplasty has been used to expand the cervical spinal canal, based on the belief that reconstruction of the laminae preserves musculoskeletal function. The true efficacy of laminoplasty for maintaining spinal alignment, stability, and flexibility, however, remains to be proven. The authors have developed a new method, myoarchitectonic spinolaminoplasty (MSLP), which preserves all of the nuchal muscles and reconstitutes all of the musculoskeletal couplings to the posterior elements of the vertebrae. The details of this technique are described, and the efficacy of the technique in conserving muscle volume, alignment, and motion, as well as in preventing postoperative musculoskeletal discomfort, is assessed. Methods The authors' previous midline-splitting laminoplasty procedure, which utilized a hydroxyapatite (HA) implant as a substitute for the spinous process, was improved. Detachment of the muscles is avoided with this new technique by cutting inside the spinous process. The bone–muscle flaps are affixed to the HA spinous process. Radiographs, computed tomography scans, and neurological evaluations obtained at the 1-year follow-up in the groups of consecutive patients assessed immediately prior to and after the modification of the previous technique (the control and the MSLP groups, respectively) were analyzed and compared. Results The HA bone constructs became integrated due to osteoconduction. The cross-sectional area of the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and multifidus muscles remained significantly larger in the MSLP group. Slight attenuation in lordosis was observed in the control group, but was prevented in the MSLP group. Range of motion was somewhat restricted in the MSLP group, but the incidence of neck pain and shoulder strain was significantly reduced. Conclusions The new MSLP method was effective in preserving the volume and functions of the nuchal musculature and helping to minimize postoperative musculoskeletal complaints.

scholarly journals The biomechanics of foraging determines face length among kangaroos and their relatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1881) ◽  
pp. 20180845 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rex Mitchell ◽  
Emma Sherratt ◽  
Justin A. Ledogar ◽  
Stephen Wroe
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Resistant Plant ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Evolutionary Allometry ◽  
Face Length ◽  
Cervical Musculature

Increasing body size is accompanied by facial elongation across a number of mammalian taxa. This trend forms the basis of a proposed evolutionary rule, cranial evolutionary allometry (CREA). However, facial length has also been widely associated with the varying mechanical resistance of foods. Here, we combine geometric morphometrics and computational biomechanical analyses to determine whether evolutionary allometry or feeding ecology have been dominant influences on facial elongation across 16 species of kangaroos and relatives (Macropodiformes). We found no support for an allometric trend. Nor was craniofacial morphology strictly defined by dietary categories, but rather associated with a combination of the mechanical properties of vegetation types and cropping behaviours used to access them. Among species examined here, shorter muzzles coincided with known diets of tough, resistant plant tissues, accessed via active slicing by the anterior dentition. This morphology consistently resulted in increased mechanical efficiency and decreased bone deformation during incisor biting. Longer muzzles, by contrast, aligned with softer foods or feeding behaviours invoking cervical musculature that circumvent the need for hard biting. These findings point to a potential for craniofacial morphology to predict feeding ecology in macropodiforms, which may be useful for species management planning and for inferring palaeoecology.

scholarly journals Surface electromyography in orofacial and cervical musculature in mouth breathing children: an integrative literature review

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Priscila Ferracioli Batista ◽  
Maria Fernanda Bagarollo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Therapy Treatment ◽  
Cervical Musculature ◽  
Therapy Treatment

ABSTRACT Purpose: to review, in an integrative manner, studies using surface electromyography in the orofacial and cervical musculature in mouth breathing children aged from three to 11 years and 11 months old. Methods: the survey was conducted in national and international databases, from 1998 to 2018, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Review articles, dissertations, book chapters, case studies and editorials were excluded. Results: 86 articles were found, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria. Most of these studies used surface electromyography to assess and describe the muscle condition of the mouth breathing population. Only one study addressed the influence of myofunctional speech therapy and two studies included physical therapy treatment, using electromyographic evaluation before and after the intervention. Given the main categories of analysis, the discussion was based on the year, state of publication and journal, sample size, scientific methodology, muscles assessed, assessment protocols used and the results of the publications. Conclusions: surface electromyography has been used mainly in the initial assessment of orofacial and postural myofunctional changes caused by mouth breathing and not as a therapeutic biofeedback, thus, it is important to conduct longitudinal studies using this instrument in mouth breathers.

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