Iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disorders and iron overload

2011 ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Pippard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disorders ◽  
Chronic Disorders

Immunological Measurement of Transferrin Compared with Chemical Measurement of Total Iron-Binding Capacity

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swei H Tsung ◽  
Waldemar A Rosenthal ◽  
Karen A Milewski
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Total Iron Binding Capacity ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
Birth Control Pills ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

Abstract Because of uncertainty as to the molecular weight of transferrin, a previous comparison [Von der Heul et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 38, 347 (1972)] between transferrin content of serum and total iron-binding capacity cannot be definitive. We found a conversion factor for expressing transferrin as iron-binding capacity by measuring the maximum amount of iron bound by 1 mg of transferrin. We compared the resulting calculated value with values obtained by three other methods for measuring total iron-binding capacity. We agree with the previous observation that the latter, as measured radioisotopically, give higher results than would be judged from the transferrin content but the same as those for two chemical methods. The diffusion rate of transferrin in agar was the same irrespective of the degree of iron saturation. Serum transferrin concentrations were low in patients with anemia resulting from malignancy, chronic disorders, and cirrhosis of the liver, and high or normal in patients with iron deficiency anemia and in pregnant women or women who were taking birth-control pills. Measurement of transferrin concentration can be used to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from anemia resulting from chronic disorders, but offers no advantages over existing methods for estimating total ironbinding capacity.

scholarly journals Iron-deficiency anemia from matriptase-2 inactivation is dependent on the presence of functional Bmp6

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lenoir ◽  
Jean-Christophe Deschemin ◽  
Léon Kautz ◽  
Andrew J. Ramsay ◽  
Marie-Paule Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Hepatic Iron ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis. In the liver, iron-dependent hepcidin activation is regulated through Bmp6 and its membrane receptor hemojuvelin (Hjv), whereas, in response to iron deficiency, hepcidin repression seems to be controlled by a pathway involving the serine protease matriptase-2 (encoded by Tmprss6). To determine the relationship between Bmp6 and matriptase-2 pathways, Tmprss6−/− mice (characterized by increased hepcidin levels and anemia) and Bmp6−/− mice (exhibiting severe iron overload because of hepcidin deficiency) were intercrossed. We showed that loss of Bmp6 decreased hepcidin levels; increased hepatic iron; and, importantly, corrected hematologic abnormalities in Tmprss6−/− mice. This finding suggests that elevated hepcidin levels in patients with familial iron-refractory, iron-deficiency anemia are the result of excess signaling through the Bmp6/Hjv pathway.

An Essential Role For Transferrin Receptor 2 In Erythropoiesis During Iron Restriction

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
Daniel F Wallace ◽  
Cameron J McDonald ◽  
Eriza S Secondes ◽  
Lesa Ostini ◽  
Gautam Rishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Iron Restriction ◽  
Extramedullary Erythropoiesis

Abstract Iron deficiency and iron overload are common clinical conditions that impact on the health and wellbeing of up to 30% of the world’s population. Understanding mechanisms regulating iron homeostasis will provide improved strategies for treating these disorders. The liver-expressed proteins matriptase-2 (encoded by TMPRSS6), HFE and transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) play important and opposing roles in systemic iron homeostasis by regulating expression of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Mutations in TMPRSS6 lead to iron refractory iron deficiency anemia, whereas mutations in HFE and TFR2 lead to the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis. To elucidate the competing roles of these hepcidin regulators, we created mice lacking matriptase-2, Hfe and Tfr2. Tmprss6 -/-/Hfe-/-/Tfr2-/- mice had iron deficiency anemia resulting from hepatic hepcidin over-expression and activation of Smad1/5/8, indicating that matriptase-2 predominates over Hfe and Tfr2 in hepcidin regulation. Surprisingly, this anemia was more severe than in the Tmprss6-/- mice, demonstrated by more extensive alopecia, lower hematocrit and significant extramedullary erythropoiesis in the spleen. There was increased expression of erythroid-specific genes in the spleens of Tmprss6-/-/Hfe-/-/Tfr2-/- mice, consistent with the extramedullary erythropoiesis. Expression of Tfr2 but not Hfe in the spleen was increased in the Tmprss6-/- mice compared to wild type and correlated with the expression of erythroid genes, suggesting that Tfr2 is expressed in erythroid cells. Further analysis of gene expression in the bone marrow suggests that the loss of Tfr2 in the erythroid cells of Tmprss6-/-/Hfe-/-/Tfr2-/- mice causes a delay in the differentiation process leading to a more severe phenotype. In conclusion, our results indicate that Hfe and Tfr2 act upstream of matriptase-2 in hepcidin regulation or in a way that is overridden when matriptase-2 is deleted. These results indicate that inhibition of matriptase-2 would be useful in the treatment of iron overload conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis. We have also identified a novel role for Tfr2 in erythroid differentiation that is separate from its canonical role as a regulator of iron homeostasis in the liver. This important role of Tfr2 in erythropoiesis only becomes apparent during conditions of iron restriction. Our results provide novel insights into mechanisms regulating and linking iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The effect of alcohol consumption on the prevalence of iron overload, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Ioannou ◽  
Jason A. Dominitz ◽  
Noel S. Weiss ◽  
Patrick J. Heagerty ◽  
Kris V. Kowdley
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia

scholarly journals A genome-wide meta-analysis yields 46 new loci associating with biomarkers of iron homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bell ◽  
◽  
Andreas S. Rigas ◽  
Magnus K. Magnusson ◽  
Egil Ferkingstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Independent Sequence ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

AbstractIron is essential for many biological functions and iron deficiency and overload have major health implications. We performed a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies from Iceland, the UK and Denmark of blood levels of ferritin (N = 246,139), total iron binding capacity (N = 135,430), iron (N = 163,511) and transferrin saturation (N = 131,471). We found 62 independent sequence variants associating with iron homeostasis parameters at 56 loci, including 46 novel loci. Variants at DUOX2, F5, SLC11A2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron deficiency anemia, while variants at TF, HFE, TFR2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron overload. A HBS1L-MYB intergenic region variant associates both with increased risk of iron overload and reduced risk of iron deficiency anemia. The DUOX2 missense variant is present in 14% of the population, associates with all iron homeostasis biomarkers, and increases the risk of iron deficiency anemia by 29%. The associations implicate proteins contributing to the main physiological processes involved in iron homeostasis: iron sensing and storage, inflammation, absorption of iron from the gut, iron recycling, erythropoiesis and bleeding/menstruation.

scholarly journals Iron-deficiency anemia: a view of hematologist and gynecologist. Optimizing diagnostic and treatment approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
E.A. Lukina ◽  
◽  
A.V. Ledina ◽  
S.I. Rogovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Gynecological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Latent Iron Deficiency ◽  
Parenteral Iron ◽  
Social Importance

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is an acquired disease characterized by the reduced levels of iron in the serum, tissues, and bone marrow that mainly result from hemorrhages (e.g., nasal, gastrointestinal etc.). Women are at risk for IDA due to the physiological monthly loss of blood, childbearing, and breastfeeding but also due to various gynecological disorders leading to iron depletion and anemia. The paper describes the pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and clinical presentations of IDA and the potential consequences of iron overload. Considering a high medical and social importance of anemia in pregnancy, the data on IDA prevalence in this cohort as well as the potential complications both for the mother and the child are addressed. Current therapeutic approaches for anemia using peroral and parenteral iron preparations and their indications are highlighted. The prevention of iron deficiency and the effective options of its correction are viable tasks which allow for improving the health and quality of women’s life. KEYWORDS: anemia, iron-deficiency anemia, diagnosis, pregnancy, latent iron deficiency, iron overload, treatment, iron (II) fumarate. FOR CITATION: Lukina E.A., Ledina A.V., Rogovskaya S.I. Iron-deficiency anemia: a view of hematologist and gynecologist. Optimizing diagnostic and treatment approach. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):248–253. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-248-253.

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