Hemodialysis Duration with Levels of Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Serum Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity on Chronic Kidney Disease

The correlation of the length of time undergoing hemodialysis with the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron and total iron binding capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease at RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. People with chronic kidney disease who are performing Hemodialysis suffer from anemia. Blood loss during the hemodialysis process is affected by frequent blood sampling for laboratory tests. To diagnose the occurrence of iron deficiency, anemia laboratory tests such as complete blood, serum iron (SI), TIBC, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin can be conducted. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between the length of undergoing Hemodialysis with the levels of Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Serum Iron, and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) in patients with chronic kidney disease in RSUD Prof. Dr.W. Z Johannes Kupang. This study employed an anon-reactive research design or unobtrusive research based on secondary data derived from medical record records at RSUD Prof. Dr.W. Johannes in August - September 2019 on 92 hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria. The collected data were calculated with the SPSS application, while the correlation analysis between variables was performed by administering a linear regression analysis test. Ninety-two (92) respondents were obtained by employing the purposive sampling technique. The majority of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing Hemodialysis were men (57.6%) with ages 39 - 59 years (63.0%), and the majority of patients undergoing Hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney failure (CKD) were <12 months (41.3%). It was discovered that there was no relationship between the length of Hemodialysis with hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, and total iron-binding capacity levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Magnesium supplementation and iron status among female students: the intervention study

Background: Literature data indicate the benefit of magnesium (Mg) supplementation. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of short-term Mg supplementation on iron status in healthy female participants. Methods: One hundred healthy female students of the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy participated in the study during eleven intervention days. Students ingested Mg preparations with the same dose of the active substance. The analysis included the measurement of serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), total Mg (tMg), ionized Mg (iMg), complete blood count, met-, carboxy- and oxy-haemoglobin (metHgb, COHgb, O2Hgb). Transferrin concentrations and the percentage of transferrin saturation (SAT) were calculated manually. The association among the analyzed biochemical parameters was examined using polynomial regression. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the evaluation of interdependence between the analyzed parameters. Results: A statistically significant trend for change in O2Hgb (%) by tertiles of iMg concentrations was found (P = 0.029). Serum tMg reached a significant positive correlation with the SAT at concentration levels greater than 0.9 mmol/L, after 11 days of intervention (R2=0.116). Ionized Mg in a concentration higher than 0.6 mmol/L is positively correlated with SAT and serum Fe (R2=0.214; 0.199, respectively). PCA revealed variability of 64.7% for two axes after 11 days. Conclusions: Mg supplementation leads to an improvement in certain iron status parameters even in individuals with optimal levels of these indices. However, caution should be exercised when supplementing Mg, and laboratory monitoring of the interaction is required.

Effective Antioxidant activity of Phytic acid Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Albino wistar Rats

This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of phytic acid on cardiac markers, blood glucose, total proteins, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, serum uric acid, serum iron, and plasma iron binding capacity in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats. Rats subcutaneously injected with ISO (85 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days showed a significant increase in the degrees of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), intensity of the bands of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-isoenzyme (LDH1 and LDH2) and the activities of cardiac marker enzymes such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum with subsequent decrease in the activities of CK, LDH, AST and ALT in the heart. ISO-induced rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose, serum uric acid, serum iron and a decrease in the levels of total proteins, A/G ratio and iron binding capacity. Pretreatment with phytic acid (25 and 50 mg/kg) daily for a period of 56 days positively altered the levels of cTnT, intensity of the bands of the LDH1 and LDH2-isoenzyme and the activities of cardiac marker enzymes, and other biochemical parameters. Thus, phytic acid possess cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced oxidative stress in rats.

Identifying Chemical Composition, Safety and Bioactivity of Thai Rice Grass Extract Drink in Cells and Animals

Rice grass has been reported to contain bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities. We aimed to assess rice grass extract (RGE) drink by determining catechin content, free-radical scavenging and iron-binding properties, as well as toxicity in cells and animals. Young rice grass (Sukhothai-1 strain) was dried, extracted with hot water and lyophilized in a vacuum chamber. The resulting extract was reconstituted with deionized water (260 mg/40 mL) and served as Sukhothai-1 rice grass extract drink (ST1-RGE). HPLC results revealed at least eight phenolic compounds, for which the major catechins were catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (2.71–3.57, 0.98–1.85 and 25.47–27.55 mg/40 mL serving, respectively). Elements (As, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn) and aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) contents did not exceed the relevant limits when compared with WHO guideline values. Importantly, ST1-RGE drink exerted radical-scavenging, iron-chelating and anti-lipid peroxidation properties in aqueous and biological environments in a concentration-dependent manner. The drink was not toxic to cells and animals. Thus, Sukhothai-1 rice grass product is an edible drink that is rich in catechins, particularly EGCG, and exhibited antioxidant, free radical scavenging and iron-binding/chelating properties. The product represents a functional drink that is capable of alleviating conditions of oxidative stress and iron overload.

Iron Deposition and Ferroptosis in the Spleen in a Murine Model of Acute Radiation Syndrome

Total body radiation (TBI) can result in death associated with hematopoietic insufficiency. Although radiation causes apoptosis of white blood cells, red blood cells (RBC) undergo hemolysis due to hemoglobin denaturation. RBC lysis post-irradiation results in the release of iron into the plasma, producing a secondary toxic event. We investigated the impact of radiation-induced iron release on the spleen of mice following TBI and the effects of the radiation mitigator captopril. RBC and hematocrit were reduced ~7 days (nadir ~14 days) post-TBI. Prussian blue staining revealed ~20-60-fold increased Fe3+ in the spleen 7-14 days post-irradiation, also associated with altered expression of iron binding and transport proteins, determined by qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Captopril did not prevent iron deposition in the spleen, and did not significantly modulate most iron-binding proteins. Spleen volumes were markedly decreased 7-14 days, correlating with high Fe3+. At these time points, caspase-3 was activated and we identified four markers of ferroptosis, iron-dependent programmed cell death. Interestingly, p21/Waf1, a marker of accelerated senescence, was not upregulated in vivo. Macrophage inflammation is an important effect of TBI. We investigated the effects of radiation and Fe3+ on the cultured J774A.1 murine macrophage cell line. Radiation induced p21/Waf1 and ferritin, but not caspase-3, within 24 h. Radiation ± iron upregulated several markers of pro-inflammatory M1 polarization; radiation with iron also upregulated a marker of anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. Our data indicate that following TBI, iron accumulates in the spleen where it regulates iron binding proteins and triggers ferroptosis.

Decreased Serum Iron Concentration and Total Iron Binding Capacity Are Associated With Serious Crohn’s Disease

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether serum indicators related to iron stores in the body are associated with clinical and endoscopic disease severity.Methods: Eighty-four patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and twenty-four healthy volunteers were included. The indicators related to iron stores were detected within one week after endoscopic and CT enterography examinations.Results: Patients were divided into three groups according to the CDAI scores. Serum iron levels were decreased in all patient groups (p<0.05), and the values of remission group were higher than those of moderate group (p<0.001). The total iron binding capacity （TIBC） values of the moderate group were lower than those of the controls and the other patient groups (p<0.05). None of the indicators differed significantly among the patients classified by SES-CD (p>0.05). Underweight, decreased serum iron and TIBC were independent risk factors for moderate clinical disease. Combined detection of decreased serum iron and TIBC was helpful in differentiating severe patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 32.7% and 100%, respectively (AUC = 0.812, p<0.01).Conclusions: Decreases in serum iron and TIBC were associated with the clinical activity of CD. Combined detection of the two indicators was conducive to screening patients with serious disease.

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Iron Binding Protein Augumented Dhokla Using Spirulina and Other Natural Ingredients

Spirulina is a nature’s present as extremely good meals to mankind. It is a photosynthetic filamentous microalga which has emerged as a amazing meals complement because of its wealthy micro- and macronutrient contents. The frame of Spirulina is smooth and with vulnerable mobileular wall that makes it effortlessly digestible. It is a precious supply of proteins, vitamins, minerals, β-carotene, fatty acids, etc. which makes it best as meals and fodder. NASA has said that the dietary cost of one thousand kg of fruits and veggies equals to at least one kg of Spirulina. In 1992 WHO has declared Spirulina as “Best meals for future” to redress malnutrition specifically in children. Apart from being a meals complement, Spirulina has won sizeable reputation and paramount significance because of the presence of sure pigments and secondary metabolites. It suggests pharmacognosic homes like immuno-protective, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-obesity, etc. it's far the maximum nutritionally concentrated compact entire meals recognized which owe a capacity to significantly lower the probabilities of growing cancer, coronary heart disease, or stroke or of contracting a lifethreatening virus along with HIV and save you eyes from cataract formation. In the present study, spirulina enriched food dhokla (SBDF) was developed. SBDF accept overall acceptability by panelist such as color and appearance, aroma/odour, flavor and taste, body and texture. SBDF showed good amount of protein (10.48%), and iron (30.48%) as compared to control. Afterward, the developed SDFB exhibited good amount of antioxidants content (38.62%) and moisture conent (14.56%), respectively. SBDF can be most attractive and nutritious food for every people due to rich source of protein and iron. This novel food can solve diseases/problems related with protein and iron deficiency.

Diverse Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Activities of Lactoferrins, Lactoferricins, and Other Lactoferrin-Derived Peptides

Lactoferrins are an iron-binding glycoprotein that have important protective roles in the mammalian body through their numerous functions, which include antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. Among these, their antimicrobial activity has been the most studied, although the mechanism behind antimicrobial activities remains to be elucidated. Thirty years ago, the first lactoferrin-derived peptide was isolated and showed higher antimicrobial activity than the native lactoferrin lactoferricin. Since then, numerous studies have investigated the antimicrobial potencies of lactoferrins, lactoferricins, and other lactoferrin-derived peptides to better understand their antimicrobial activities at the molecular level. This review defines the current antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of lactoferrins, lactoferricins, and lactoferrin-derived peptides. The primary focus is on their different mechanisms of activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The role of their structure, amino-acid composition, conformation, charge, hydrophobicity, and other factors that affect their mechanisms of antimicrobial activity are also reviewed.