From Public Understanding to Public Policy: Public Views on Energy, Technology, and Climate Science in the United States

This chapter explores the relationship between hours of work and unemployment. When it comes to time spent working in the United States at present, two problems immediately come to light. First, an asymmetrical distribution of working time persists, with some people overworked and others underemployed. Second, hours are increasingly unstable; precarious on-call work scheduling and gig economy–style employment relationships are the canaries in the coal mine of a labor market that produces fewer and fewer stable jobs. It is possible that some kind of shorter hours movement, especially one that places an emphasis on young workers, has the potential to address these problems. Some policies and processes are already in place to transition into a shorter hours economy right now even if those possibilities are mediated by an anti-worker political administration.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780190860554.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Valls

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

Social Construction ◽

Political Theory ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Color Blind ◽

American Society ◽

Liberal Political Theory

The persistence of racial inequality in the United States raises deep and complex questions of racial justice. Some observers argue that public policy must be “color-blind,” while others argue that policies that take race into account should be defended on grounds of diversity or integration. This chapter begins to sketch an alternative to both of these, one that supports strong efforts to address racial inequality but that focuses on the conditions necessary for the liberty and equality of all. It argues that while race is a social construction, it remains deeply embedded in American society. A conception of racial justice is needed, one that is grounded on the premises provided by liberal political theory.

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The Insidious Momentum of American Mass Incarceration

10.1093/oso/9780197513170.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Franklin E. Zimring

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Mass Incarceration ◽

The United States ◽

Next Generation ◽

Single Generation ◽

American Life ◽

Peak Rate ◽

Or Practice

The phenomenal growth of penal confinement in the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century is still a public policy mystery. Why did it happen when it happened? What explains the unprecedented magnitude of prison and jail expansion? Why are the current levels of penal confinement so very close to the all-time peak rate reached in 2007? What is the likely course of levels of penal confinement in the next generation of American life? Are there changes in government or policy that can avoid the prospect of mass incarceration as a chronic element of governance in the United States? This study is organized around four major concerns: What happened in the 33 years after 1973? Why did these extraordinary changes happen in that single generation? What is likely to happen to levels of penal confinement in the next three decades? What changes in law or practice might reduce this likely penal future?

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The Implications of Political Trust for Supporting Public Transport

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279420000707 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

JAE YOUNG LIM ◽

KUK-KYOUNG MOON

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

Public Transport ◽

Social Equity ◽

Political Trust ◽

The United States ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Social Surveys ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Policy Attitudes

Abstract Despite the importance of public transport for urban vitality, social equity, and mobility, the discussions surrounding these topics have become heated ideological battles between liberals and conservatives in the United States, as in other countries. Conservatives, in particular, have exhibited anti-transit attitudes that have worked against the development of public transport. Scholars note that political trust functions as a heuristic and its impact is felt more strongly among individuals who face ideological risks with respect to a given public policy. Based on several studies noting the relationships between political trust, ideology and policy attitudes, the study employs the pooled data of the 2010 and 2014 General Social Surveys. It finds that conservatives are negatively associated with supporting spending on public transport, but when contingent upon high levels of political trust, they become more supportive of it. The study discusses the potential of political trust as a mechanism to influence public policy discourses as well as certain methodological and substantive limitations.

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Roe v. Wade Is Constitutionally Unprincipled and Logically Incoherent: A Brief in Support of Judicial Restraint

American Journal of Law & Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0098858800012211 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 15 (2-3) ◽

pp. 222-226

Author(s):

Jules B. Gerard

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

The United States ◽

Judicial Activism ◽

Federal Judiciary ◽

Judicial Studies ◽

Roe V Wade

The Center for Judicial Studies is the only educational and public policy organization in the United States that focuses exclusively on the problem of judicial activism. It seeks to confine the power of the federal judiciary to the bounds envisioned by the Framers of the Constitution. The Center's brief was signed by fifty-six members of Congress who were concerned that Roe v. Wade “has expanded federal judicial powers into areas that are within the rightful legislative domain of Congress and the states.”

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Bridging the Gap: Fertility Timing in the United States, Effective Public Policy, and Prevention Design

Sexuality Research and Social Policy ◽

10.1007/s13178-014-0178-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

Elizabeth H. Tilley ◽

Melissa A. Barnett

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

The United States ◽

Fertility Timing

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Book Reviews: Women and Politics in New Zealand, Voters' Vengeance: The 1990 Election in New Zealand and the Fate of the Fourth Labour Government, The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy, The Politics of the Training Market: From Manpower Services Commission to Training and Enterprise Councils, Public Policy and the Nature of the New Right, Managing the United Kingdom: An Introduction to its Political Economy and Public Policy, Citizenship and Employment: Investigating Post-Industrial Options, Government by the Market? The Politics of Public Choice, Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate, Regulatory Politics in Transition, The Politics of Regulation: A Comparative Perspective, Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot, The Tragedy of Cambodian History: Politics, War and Revolution since 1945, Welfare States and Working Mothers, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States, Japan and the United States: Global Dimensions of Economic Power, Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Japan's Foreign Policy after the Cold War: Coping with Change, Soviet Studies Guide, Directory of Russian MPs, Mikhail Gorbachev and the End of Soviet Power, Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics, Six Years that Shook the World: Perestroika — The Impossible Project, The Politics of Transition: Shaping a Post-Soviet Future, Democracy and Decision: The Pure Theory of Electoral Preference, Probabilistic Voting Theory, Contested Closets: The Politics and Ethics of Outing, Queer in America: Sex, the Media, and the Closets of Power

Political Studies ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9248.1994.tb00309.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 717-730

Author(s):

Preston King ◽

Marco Cesa ◽

Martin Rhodes ◽

Stephen Wilks ◽

Christopher Tremewan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

New Zealand ◽

The United States ◽

Welfare States ◽

Mikhail Gorbachev ◽

Political Biography ◽

The Media ◽

The Cold War ◽

Regulatory Politics

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Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aal4369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 356 (6345) ◽

pp. 1362-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 258

Author(s):

Solomon Hsiang ◽

Robert Kopp ◽

Amir Jina ◽

James Rising ◽

Michael Delgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

United States ◽

Climate Science ◽

The United States ◽

Process Models ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Global Mean Temperature ◽

Flexible Architecture ◽

Econometric Analyses ◽

Business As Usual

Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).

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