Challenges With Inferring How Land-Use Affects Terrestrial Biodiversity: Study Design, Time, Space and Synthesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana De Palma ◽  
Katia Sanchez-Ortiz ◽  
Philip A. Martin ◽  
Amy Chadwick ◽  
Guillermo Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Biodiversity Study ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity

scholarly journals Análise da Variação Espaço-Temporal das Áreas Verdes e da Qualidade Ambiental em Áreas Urbanas, Recife-PE (Analysis of the Time-Space Variation of Green Areas and the Environmental Quality in Urban Areas, Recife-PE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Tiago Henrique de Oliveira ◽  
José Gleidson Dantas ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio ◽  
Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça Pimentel ◽  
Milton Botler
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal

As rápidas mudanças do uso e cobertura do solo em ambiente urbano apresentam grande impacto nas relações entre os ciclos energéticos e hidrológicos sobre a superfície. O município do Recife, através da Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo de 1996 (Lei nº 16.176/96) define área verde como “toda área de domínio público ou privado, em solo natural,onde predomina qualquer forma de vegetação, distribuída em seus diferentes estratos: Arbóreo, Arbustivo e Herbáceo /Forrageira, nativa ou exótica”. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a variação espacial das áreas verdes disponíveis no município do Recife e a evolução espaço-temporal da qualidade ambiental na RPA 4 através do computo do Índice de umidade (NDWI), Índice de Área Foliar (IAF) e Temperatura da superfície em imagens TM Landsat. Foi realizada uma classificação supervisionada na ortofotocarta Recife onde as áreas verdes foram exportadas para polígonos, permitindo a sua quantificação. Para as imagens TM foi aplicada parte da metodologia SEBAL. As áreas verdes ocupam 45,58% do Recife. Os transectos lineares e perfis permitiram visualizar mais facilmente as mudanças espaço-temporais ocorridos na RPA-4. Foi visualizada grande diferença de temperatura entre as áreas vegetadas e as áreas mais urbanizadas. Palavras-chave: Uso e ocupação do solo; área urbana, áreas vegetadas, sensoriamento remoto; MAXVER. A B S T R A C T The rapid change of use and land cover in urban environment poses great impact on relations between energy and hydrological cycles on the surface. The municipality of Recife, through the Land Use Legislation from 1996 (Law No. 16.176/96) defines green area as ";;;;;;any public or private domain area, in natural soil, where overcrows any form of vegetation, distributed in its different layers: Arboreal, shrubby and Herbaceous Forage, native or exotic";;;;;;. The goal of this paper is to analyze the spatial variation of available green areas in the city of Recife and the spatio-temporal evolution of environmental quality in the Political Administrative Region 4, known as RPA-4, through the calculation of moisture content (NDWI), leaf area index (LAI) and the surface temperature from Landsat TM images. Supervised classification was performed on orthophoto Reef where the green areas were exported to polygons, allowing its quantification. For the TM images, it has been applied the methodology SEBAL. The green areas occupy 45.58% of Recife. The linear transects and profiles allowed to show more easily space-time changes occurring in the RPA-4. Large temperature differences have been displayed between the most vegetated areas and more urbanized areas. Key-words: Land use; urban areas; vegetated area, remote sensing; MAXVER.

scholarly journals Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment

Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 353 (6296) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Newbold ◽  
Lawrence N. Hudson ◽  
Andrew P. Arnell ◽  
Sara Contu ◽  
Adriana De Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity

scholarly journals Comparison of Urban Form based on different city walls between Quanzhou and Newcastle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Jianyi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The West ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
City Walls

Quanzhou in south-eastern China was built in the Sui Dynasty, having more than 1,000 years of history. Its urban development led to the triple walls in a different period of time. Its unique landscape of multiple walls is a one of the Chinese ancient city patterns. However, the massive stone-built city wall pattern like Newcastle also has more than 1000, years of history in western cities .City walls maintain the preeminence as the city’s most powerful fixation line. The expansion of the wall in Quanzhou shows how the time-space changes, while Newcastle' s fringe belt is relatively stable, which forms a different urban form. This article mainly compares the following aspects: (1) The development of Quanzhou fringe belt; (2) Differences of fringe belts between the multiple walls city and the sole wall city; (3) Differences of land use in intramural zone between two cities. This paper analyzes the differences of fringe belts caused by city walls between Quanzhou, (China) and Newcastle, (England), and their influence on the urban form between the East and the West. 

scholarly journals To Bend the Curve of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Place Agency Centre Stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Garcia ◽  
Sini Savilaakso ◽  
Marieke Sassen ◽  
Natasha Stoudmann ◽  
René W. Verburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Transition Theory ◽  
Forest Transition ◽  
Global Models ◽  
Forest Transition Theory ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity

Leclère et al.1 have outlined the possibility of a biodiversity transition for the 21st century, a line of thinking equivalent to the Forest Transition theory and what it says about forest cover globally2. The authors use a suite of global models to explore the impacts on global biodiversity of interventions on land-use, consumption and production patterns. They outline six strategies that have the potential to stop the downfall of global terrestrial biodiversity by 2050 and redress it to a pre-1970 level by 2100. Although robust, sophisticated and well-illustrated, the conclusions of this paper cannot alone be used to frame a post-2020 biodiversity strategy.

scholarly journals Initiation into street, challenges, means of survival and perceived strategies to alleviate its plights among street children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019 A phenomenological study design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayana Fite Chimdessa
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Value

Abstract Background: There has been a major discrepancy in defining the term street children-where various stakeholders define in different ways. In spite of increasing in number, the life and health of street children is becoming a global concern. Even though a wide range of policies and strategies are available, they are poorly designed with helpless implementation. This made street children defenseless to harassments and denial of social protection services.Methods: A phenomenological study design was employed to explore difficulties of the street children and perceived strategies to prevent and alleviate plights. The study was conducted from January to March 2019. A Time-Space Sampling (TSS) was used to recruit participants. Pre-tested interview guide was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using framework analysis software. Results: A total of 103 street children took part in the study. Complexity of push and pull factors pose to risk of flee into the street. Street children are facing widespread challenges i.e. social network fragmentation, child trafficking, harassments and shortage of coverage of basic needs. Furthermore, absences of comprehensive and contextualized strategies and less political value for this group worsening it. Thus, street children have been considered as felon, out laws and having a mentality of committing crime by both law keeping bodies and society. This in turn, affecting street children’s’ acceptance by their community and get legal protection under the law and made them more risk to denial of social protection services. To win street life struggles, they use different survival mechanisms by forming small group. Income Generating Activities (IGAs), shelter, community support, child protection, access to health education, health services, life coaching and by less extent reintegration are positively perceived strategies to address their problems. Conclusion: Lack/poorly designed policies and strategies targeting street children has made them prone to health and social problems. Furthermore, stigma by community, limited resources, lack of comprehensive standards and absence of political value of interventions exacerbating it. Therefore, call for different stakeholders in supporting to design and implement clear, case based and contextualized strategic policies to address and prevent plights; by considering positively perceived street children’s strategies.

scholarly journals Initiation into street, challenges, means of survival and perceived strategies to alleviate its plights among street children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019 A phenomenological study design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayana Fite Chimdessa
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Value

Abstract Background: There has been a major discrepancy in defining the term street children-where various stakeholders define in different ways. In spite of increasing in number, the life and health of street children is becoming a global concern. Even though a wide range of policies and strategies are available, they are poorly designed with helpless implementation. This made street children defenseless to harassments and denial of social protection services.Methodology: A phenomenological study design was employed to explore difficulties of the street children and perceived strategies to prevent and alleviate plights. The study was conducted from January to March 2019. A Time-Space Sampling (TSS) was used to recruit participants. Pre-tested interview guide was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using framework analysis software. Results: A total of 103 street children took part in the study. Complexity of push and pull factors pose to risk of flee into the street. Street children are facing widespread challenges i.e. social network fragmentation, child trafficking, harassments and shortage of coverage of basic needs. Furthermore, absences of comprehensive and contextualized strategies and less political value for this group worsening it. Thus, street children have been considered as felon, out laws and having a mentality of committing crime by both law keeping bodies and society. This in turn, affecting street children’s’ acceptance by their community and get legal protection under the law and made them more risk to denial of social protection services. To win street life struggles, they use different survival mechanisms by forming small group. Income Generating Activities (IGAs), shelter, community support, child protection, access to health education, health services, life coaching and by less extent reintegration are positively perceived strategies to address their problems. Conclusion: Lack/poorly designed policies and strategies targeting street children has made them prone to health and social problems. Furthermore, stigma by community, limited resources, lack of comprehensive standards and absence of political value of interventions exacerbating it. Therefore, call for different stakeholders in supporting to design and implement clear, case based and contextualized strategic policies to address and prevent plights; by considering positively perceived street children’s proposed strategies.

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