scholarly journals Initiation into street, challenges, means of survival and perceived strategies to alleviate its plights among street children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019 A phenomenological study design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayana Fite Chimdessa
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Value

Abstract Background: There has been a major discrepancy in defining the term street children-where various stakeholders define in different ways. In spite of increasing in number, the life and health of street children is becoming a global concern. Even though a wide range of policies and strategies are available, they are poorly designed with helpless implementation. This made street children defenseless to harassments and denial of social protection services.Methods: A phenomenological study design was employed to explore difficulties of the street children and perceived strategies to prevent and alleviate plights. The study was conducted from January to March 2019. A Time-Space Sampling (TSS) was used to recruit participants. Pre-tested interview guide was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using framework analysis software. Results: A total of 103 street children took part in the study. Complexity of push and pull factors pose to risk of flee into the street. Street children are facing widespread challenges i.e. social network fragmentation, child trafficking, harassments and shortage of coverage of basic needs. Furthermore, absences of comprehensive and contextualized strategies and less political value for this group worsening it. Thus, street children have been considered as felon, out laws and having a mentality of committing crime by both law keeping bodies and society. This in turn, affecting street children’s’ acceptance by their community and get legal protection under the law and made them more risk to denial of social protection services. To win street life struggles, they use different survival mechanisms by forming small group. Income Generating Activities (IGAs), shelter, community support, child protection, access to health education, health services, life coaching and by less extent reintegration are positively perceived strategies to address their problems. Conclusion: Lack/poorly designed policies and strategies targeting street children has made them prone to health and social problems. Furthermore, stigma by community, limited resources, lack of comprehensive standards and absence of political value of interventions exacerbating it. Therefore, call for different stakeholders in supporting to design and implement clear, case based and contextualized strategic policies to address and prevent plights; by considering positively perceived street children’s strategies.

scholarly journals Initiation into street, challenges, means of survival and perceived strategies to alleviate its plights among street children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019 A phenomenological study design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayana Fite Chimdessa
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Value

Abstract Background: There has been a major discrepancy in defining the term street children-where various stakeholders define in different ways. In spite of increasing in number, the life and health of street children is becoming a global concern. Even though a wide range of policies and strategies are available, they are poorly designed with helpless implementation. This made street children defenseless to harassments and denial of social protection services.Methodology: A phenomenological study design was employed to explore difficulties of the street children and perceived strategies to prevent and alleviate plights. The study was conducted from January to March 2019. A Time-Space Sampling (TSS) was used to recruit participants. Pre-tested interview guide was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using framework analysis software. Results: A total of 103 street children took part in the study. Complexity of push and pull factors pose to risk of flee into the street. Street children are facing widespread challenges i.e. social network fragmentation, child trafficking, harassments and shortage of coverage of basic needs. Furthermore, absences of comprehensive and contextualized strategies and less political value for this group worsening it. Thus, street children have been considered as felon, out laws and having a mentality of committing crime by both law keeping bodies and society. This in turn, affecting street children’s’ acceptance by their community and get legal protection under the law and made them more risk to denial of social protection services. To win street life struggles, they use different survival mechanisms by forming small group. Income Generating Activities (IGAs), shelter, community support, child protection, access to health education, health services, life coaching and by less extent reintegration are positively perceived strategies to address their problems. Conclusion: Lack/poorly designed policies and strategies targeting street children has made them prone to health and social problems. Furthermore, stigma by community, limited resources, lack of comprehensive standards and absence of political value of interventions exacerbating it. Therefore, call for different stakeholders in supporting to design and implement clear, case based and contextualized strategic policies to address and prevent plights; by considering positively perceived street children’s proposed strategies.

scholarly journals Initiation into street, challenges, means of survival and perceived strategies to alleviate its plights among street children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayana Fite Chimdessa
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: The life and health of street children is becoming a global concern. There is a wide range of legislation relevant to street children. However, poor design and implementation of policies, strategies and traditional response by most governments in Africa has been subjugated. This made street children defenseless to harassments, child trafficking and health problems.Methodology: A phenomenological study design was employed to explore difficulties of street life experience and perceived strategies to alleviate them. The study was conducted from January to March 2019. A Time-Space Sampling (TSS) was used to recruit participants. Pre-tested interview guide was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using framework analysis software. A code book was developed under three themes (Initiation into street life, means of survival and perceived strategies) with different sub-themes and categories.Results: A total of 103 street children age 10-18 years took part in the study. Complexity of push and pull factors pose to a risk of flee to the street. Street children face widespread challenges i.e. social network fragmentation, child trafficking, harassments and shortage of basic needs. Furthermore, absences of complete and representative data on street children as well as strategies are hardly available. Thus, street children have been considered as felon, out laws and having a mentality of committing crime by both law keeping bodies and the society. These in turn is affecting street children’s’ acceptance by their community and get legal protection under the law that made them more susceptible to harassments, denial of access to education and health services. To survive, they use different mechanisms including group formation - where, every individual within the group has his or her mandate for collective security, share available resources and vital information that might be useful for the group. Conclusion: Lack of policies and strategies targeting street children has made them prone to many problems. Therefore, call for different stakeholders in supporting to design and implement clear, case based and contextualized strategic policies to address and prevent plights of street children. Intervention targeting positively perceived street children’s proposed strategies has to be considered.

scholarly journals COMPONENTS OF COOPERATION OF CRISIS INTERVENTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Michaela Jombíková Janáková ◽  
Soňa Šrobárová
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Diversity Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Results

Introduction: This scientific study provides an insight into the cooperation of individual social services in connection with several methods and techniques of crisis intervention. Given the diversity of the work of crisis intervention, it brings scientific results concerning the of field social workers in social and legal protection of children and social guardianship. It is the field of social workers which cooperate and manage cooperation between individual ministries and activities of individual crisis intervention services. Aim: The main objective of the research was to investigate the cooperation of social workers with other institutions and the use of diversity techniques in dealing with different types of social problems. Methods: The research was conducted using a quantitative strategy by distributing a questionnaire of our design to social workers in Slovakia operating within the socio-legal protection and guardianship. The subject of the research was social workers of social protection. The number of respondents whose questionnaire applied to the research objectives was 56. We used statistical analysis for the phase of data processing and evaluation. Results: In the first research question, we investigated which social problems the respondents are facing in their practice most often. We can conclude that they often encounter problems solutions in the redevelopment of families, tackling crime, divorce, delinquency, and addictions. In the second research question we focused on with which institutions the workers cooperate in solving individual social problems. Conclusion: Social protection workers in their everyday practice face a wide range of problems. In solving the issues, they cooperate with other professions respectively organizations. Depending on what problems social workers usually deal with, it depends not only on their experience but on their future education.

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Brutska ◽  
◽  
Liliia Bakalo ◽  
Mariia Muzyka ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Wide Range

The issue of ensuring children's rights is one of the most important areas of legal science. Today, the formation of the foundations for the protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of the younger generation is a priority of the state. Complex socio-economic, military-political and epidemiological problems force to focus efforts on the analysis and generalized bases that determine the algorithm of legal protection of children's rights and its implementation in Ukraine. The article identifies international documents and acts of national legislation, on the basis of which the foundations of legal protection of children's rights in Ukraine are formed. Emphasis was placed on the need to address issues of juvenile probation, social orphanhood, and the realization of the rights of children who find themselves in difficult life circumstances and in need of assistance. The process of legal, social, housing provision of children who are in the area of environmental protection deserves special attention. According to the results of the study, a list of key positions that characterize the basics of legal protection of children in modern Ukraine has been formed. Despite the wide range of legal regulations, the issue of legislative support of the legal status of children in Ukraine is not a complete solution. Thanks to the fruitful work of authorized bodies (public authorities and their representatives, guardianship authorities, social services), parents and children it is possible to achieve a high level of social protection, timely respond to social risks and challenges that arise in modern society. Coherence and interaction of key actors is a necessary component of the process of legal protection of children's rights. Subject to strict compliance with the provisions of the law, the implementation of international standards and policy documents adopted at the highest level, it is possible to significantly improve the legal status of children's rights in Ukraine.

CRIMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CORRUPTION-RELATED CRIMES IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Вележев ◽  
Антон Михайлович Седогин
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
High Level

В представленной статье авторами рассматриваются вопросы уголовно-правовой охраны топливно-энергетического комплекса Российской Федерации от преступных проявлений, в том числе от коррупционной противоправной деятельности должностных лиц. Такие действия причиняют значительный ущерб нормальному функционированию предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса. Авторами приводятся результаты исследования некоторых криминологических характеристик должностных лиц, совершивших преступления коррупционного характера. Дан анализ причин и условий, способствующих совершению вышеуказанных противоправных действий. Определена типовая модель преступника для данной категории преступлений и его характеристики: в первую очередь, это высокий уровень компетентности, специальное образование и т. д. Авторами отмечается высокий уровень латентной преступности в данной отрасли. Предложены некоторые пути профилактики данной категории правонарушений. Исследование проводилось на основе анализа конкретных уголовных дел, возбужденных следственными органами по результатам оперативно-розыскной деятельности правоохранительных органов. In the article the authors consider the issues of criminal and legal protection of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation from criminal activity including corrupt illegal practices of officials. The authors cite the results of some criminological characteristics study of the fuel and energy complex staff committed corruption crimes. As a result of these illegal actions significant damage is caused to the normal functioning of the fuel and energy enterprises. Such officials` actions determine not only a wide range of other illegal activities, but also lead to public outcry and discredit the industry as a whole. The analysis of the reasons and conditions contributing to the above illegal actions commission is given. A typical model of a criminal for a given crime category and its characteristics are determined. First of all it is a high level competence, special education, etc. A high level of latent crime in this industry is shown. The study results are presented on the example of specific criminal cases initiated by the investigating authorities based on the results of the operation detection activities of law enforcement agencies. Some ways of preventing this category of offenses are proposed.

scholarly journals ‘Somebody stuck me in a bag of sand’: Lived experiences of the altered and uncomfortable body after stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110007
Author(s):  
Hannah Stott ◽  
Mary Cramp ◽  
Stuart McClean ◽  
Ailie Turton
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
Psychological Sense ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Objective: This study explored stroke survivors’ experiences of altered body perception, whether these perceptions cause discomfort, and the need for clinical interventions to improve comfort. Design: A qualitative phenomenological study. Setting: Participants’ homes. Participants: A purposive sample of 16 stroke survivors were recruited from community support groups. Participants (median: age 59; time post stroke >2 years), were at least six-months post-stroke, experiencing motor or sensory impairments and able to communicate verbally. Interventions: Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were analysed using an interpretive phenomenological approach and presented thematically. Results: Four themes or experiences were identified: Participants described (1) a body that did not exist; (2) a body hindered by strange sensations and distorted perceptions; (3) an uncontrollable body; and (4) a body isolated from social and clinical support. Discomfort was apparent in a physical and psychological sense and body experiences were difficult to comprehend and communicate to healthcare staff. Participants wished for interventions to improve their comfort but were doubtful that such treatments existed. Conclusion: Indications are that altered body perceptions cause multifaceted physical and psychosocial discomfort for stroke survivors. Discussions with patients about their personal perceptions and experiences of the body may facilitate better understanding and management to improve comfort after stroke.

scholarly journals Exploring maternal nutrition counseling provided by health professionals during antenatal care follow-up: a qualitative study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia-2019

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matyas Atnafu Alehegn ◽  
Tsegaye Kebede Fanta ◽  
Agumas Fentahun Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Nutrition Counseling ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Size Adjustment ◽  
Sample Size Adjustment ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Abstract Background Nutritional awareness and practice of women during pregnancy could be determining their nutritional status, which significantly affects the outcome of pregnancy. Therefore this study aims to explore the maternal nutrition counseling provided by health professionals for pregnant women, Barriers to maternal nutrition, and major interventions. Methods A descriptive study design with a qualitative method by using ground theory tradition, based on constructivist research approach and Charmaz’s (2000) study design has been conducted from September-01/2019 _November-16/2019 among pregnant women who got ANC service in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A purposive sampling technique was used. Practical observations and in-depth interviews were conducted. The sample size adjustment has been carried out according to the information saturation obtained, and finally, 81 practical observations, In-depth interview with two center managers, nine health professionals and eleven term pregnant women has been conducted. An observational checklist and Semi-structured, open-ended questionnaires were used. Data, the environment, and methodological triangulation were carried out. A conceptual framework has been established based on the data collected about the whole process of maternal nutrition counseling during pregnancy. ATLAS TI software was utilized for information analysis. The results Most participants responded that maternal nutrition counseling provided to pregnant mothers is not adequate and neglected by most stakeholders. From 81 practical observations, health professionals counseled to mothers were 10 what to feed, 4 what to limit to consume, and 5 were counseled about what to eat during pregnancy. Close to all the respondents agreed on the importance of providing nutrition counseled by the nutritionists. Most of the study participants emphasized a shortage of time as primary barriers. Institutional Barriers, Professional Barriers, Maternal Barriers, and Community Barriers were major barriers to nutrition counseling. Conclusions Generally, maternal nutrition counseling provided to pregnant mothers was not adequate and neglected by most stakeholders. Shortage of time due to client flow, Institutional Barriers, Professional Barriers, Maternal Barriers, and Community Barriers were major categories of maternal nutritional counseling barriers. Information update and timely preparation were recommended to health professionals.

Legal aspects of the brand protection in Ukraine and world

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Ivanna Babetska
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Brand Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Regulations

Purpose. The purpose of the scientific article is to establish the ratio of the meanings of the concepts "trademark", "brand" and "well-known" trademark and then to characterize their common and distinctive features. Indicate the gaps in current legislation and the need to refine certain rules in this aspect to determine the aspects of protection and protection of the brand. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, dialectical, logical-semantic, logical-normative, system-structural. Results: in the course of the conducted study, the main and optional components of the brand are determined, which make it possible to determine the features of its legal protection. It has been proved that despite a fairly wide range of domestic and international regulations, there are certain shortcomings of the brand protection mechanism. Originality. The study found that a trademark differs from a brand in that a trademark is a designation that is only the basis of the brand, as for the trademark are not essential such properties of the designation as a certain level of information among consumers and quality as a basis. gaining a reputation; the concept of "brand" is an evaluative, conditional concept, and therefore its consolidation at the regulatory level is impractical. It is sufficient to establish the factors on the basis of which the trademark can be considered "well known". A "well-known" trademark is a designation that is familiar to a wide range of consumers through its use to designate certain goods. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities for the purpose of legal regulation of public relations in the sphere of legal protection of the brand.

scholarly journals Universal Basic Income: Reflections on the Possible Impac on Improving the Living Standards and Quality of Life and the Sustainability of Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Bobkov ◽  
Nikolay Dolgushkin ◽  
Yelena Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transitional Forms

The article is devoted to the study of the possible impact of the introduction of universal basic income on improving the standards of living and quality of life and sustainability of societies. The theoretical part of the article reveals the problems that require further study of the category of " universal basic income" (UBI), such as its relationship with the transformation of the state and society, labour and employment, the standards of living and quality of life; the reasons for the introduction and tasks that are solved with the use of UBI, contradictions and limitations of this tool of political, economic and social reforms. In the practical part of the article on the basis of systematization of the most important experiments on the introduction of UBI the conclusion of the transitional forms of its experimental implementation is made: the conditionality (for the target categories of citizens), not the unconditionality of payments, limited period of payment, small size, commensurate with the national subsistence minimum. All this does not allow us to consider this payment as a basic one with all its local impact on the transformation of social systems in the countries concerned. The conclusion is made about the embryonic practical application of UBI elements in Rossiya. A number of recommendations for additions to the testing elements of the universal basic income in our country have been elaborated: to increase per capita income after the provision of targeted social support to low-income sections of the population; to select the trajectories of employment for registered unemployed persons; to reduce the time transitions of graduates from educational institutions to stable or satisfactory employment; and to increase the level of security for the employed with a wide range of characteristics of precarity of employment. The Object of the Study is country societies and their separate regional and social groups.The Subject of the Study is the transformation of employment, social protection and sustainability of societies in connection with the introduction of elements of universal basic income.The Purpose of the Study is identifying hypothetical possibilities of influence on the improvement of the standards of living and quality of life and sustainability of societies by the introduction of universal basic income and analysing the results of testing its transitional forms.

Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Krogerus ◽  
Ivana Kholová
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Agar Method ◽  
Cytological Diagnostics

Objective: The cell block (CB) technique refers to the processing of sediments, blood clots, or grossly visible tissue fragments from cytological specimens into paraffin blocks that can be cut and stained by the same methods used for histopathology. The technique brings additional tissue architectural information. CB can be used for ancillary techniques such as immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques. Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the various preparatory techniques of CBs. Results: There is a wide range of preparatory techniques for CBs and no golden standard for CBs exists: tens of methods are used in various institutions. The majority of the methods are modified in house techniques with a few commercially available kits. The techniques most commonly used are the plasma/thrombin method, the agar method, and commercially available Histogel- and Cellient CB-methods. Dissatisfaction with the cellular yield of the CBs is common. Conclusions: In the CBs, the cytological material is preserved for future use, which is a tremendous advantage in the era of targeted therapy and biobanking. The CB is thus central to the future of cytology: more can be done with less material and with less invasiveness to the patient.

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