The stability of long-term trends in the number of traffic fatalities in a sample of highly motorised countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Elvik
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Mishler ◽  
Marilyn Hoskin ◽  
Roy Fitzgerald

The electoral domination of the Conservative party during the past decade has been interpreted by many as evidence of a long-term shift in the balance of public support from Labour to the Conservatives. This article argues that such a shift has not occurred. Rather, the stability apparent in recent election results disguises considerable underlying volatility. The balance of public support between the major parties continues to be highly unstable and subject to large and precipitous fluctuations in response to relatively small economic changes and ordinary political events. Recent Conservative victories appear to be the results more of good timing and luck than of any fundamental, long-term dynamic in British politics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-483
Author(s):  
Alexandr Mikyška ◽  
Klára Belešová ◽  
Jana Tichá

The article deals with the harvest forecast of the content of bitter acids in Czech hop varieties harvested in 2020. This is presented in the context of long-term trends in the content and composition of bitter acids analogues and the stability of the varietal characteristics in the aforementioned harvest. This analysis is usually available at the end of the calendar year. 180 hop samples were analysed using EBC 7.7 (HPLC) method. The α-acids content in the most important variety of Saaz (3.65% in dry matter) was 12.8% rel. higher than in the 2019 harvest and 4.2% rel. higher than the 28-year average. The α-acids content in Saaz Late (3.23%), Sladek (7.9%), Kazbek (6.4%) and Agnus (12.4%) was significantly higher than both the long-term averages for the varieties and the harvest of 2019. The Premiant (8.0%) variety was close to the long-term average. The ratio of α-/β-acids, the relative content of cohumulone and the relative content of colupulone were consistent with long-term averages of the tested varieties. It was confirmed that the harvest forecast provides timely information on the α-acids content of the given harvest, the results being in good agreement with the values of the final evaluation of all harvested hops.


1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1482-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Robert Gurr

This study reports the codification of basic authority characteristics of 336 national political systems (polities) that functioned in 91 nation-states between 1800 and 1971. In form the typical 19th-century polity was an autocracy with minimal functions. Its 20th-century counterpart was either an activist plural democracy or an activist autocracy. The incidence of system-transforming political change has been equally high and pervasive in both European and Third-world polities, but greater in the 20th century than the 19th. The data are used to test three hypotheses that attribute the persistence and adaptability of political systems to their authority characteristics. “Institutionalization” arguments about the stability-enhancing effects of complexity and directiveness receive no consistent support. Conventional beliefs about the greater durability of democracies vs. autocracies vs. anocracies (uninstitutionalized polities) are confirmed only in Europe in the 20th century. The most durable historical and Afro-Asian polities have been either autocratic or anocratic. The data generally support the hypothesis that “pure” political systems—consistently democratic or consistently autocratic—are more durable than systems of mixed authority characteristics. Long-term trends in political “development” and their determinants are discussed in the light of the findings.


1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I C Ingram

SummaryThe International Reference Preparation of human brain thromboplastin coded 67/40 has been thought to show evidence of instability. The evidence is discussed and is not thought to be strong; but it is suggested that it would be wise to replace 67/40 with a new preparation of human brain, both for this reason and because 67/40 is in a form (like Thrombotest) in which few workers seem to use human brain. A �plain� preparation would be more appropriate; and a freeze-dried sample of BCT is recommended as the successor preparation. The opportunity should be taken also to replace the corresponding ox and rabbit preparations. In the collaborative study which would be required it would then be desirable to test in parallel the three old and the three new preparations. The relative sensitivities of the old preparations could be compared with those found in earlier studies to obtain further evidence on the stability of 67/40; if stability were confirmed, the new preparations should be calibrated against it, but if not, the new human material should receive a calibration constant of 1.0 and the new ox and rabbit materials calibrated against that.The types of evidence available for monitoring the long-term stability of a thromboplastin are discussed.


2014 ◽  
Vol 513 ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
CD Stallings ◽  
JP Brower ◽  
JM Heinlein Loch ◽  
A Mickle

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