:
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the most common chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease, mainly occurring in
the elderly, with a median survival of 2-4 years after diagnosis. Its high mortality rate attributes to the delay in diagnosis
due to its generic symptoms, and more importantly, to the lack of effective treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class
of small non-coding RNAs that involve in many essential cellular processes, including extracellular matrix remodeling,
alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, etc. We summarized the dysregulated miRNAs in
TGF-β signaling pathway-mediated PF in recent years with dual effects, such as anti-fibrotic let-7 family and pro-fibrotic
miR-21 members. Therefore, this review will set out the latest application of miRNAs to provide a new direction for PF
treatment.