Combustion mechanism of double-base propellant containing nitrogen heterocyclic nitroamines (II): The temperature distribution of the flame and its chemical structure

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 602-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Long Yan ◽  
Zhen-Wei Song ◽  
Xiao-Bing Shi ◽  
Zhi-Yuan Yang ◽  
Xiao-Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Double Base ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocyclic

scholarly journals Propellant Combustion Wave Studies by Embedded Thermocouple and Imaging Method at Ambient Pressure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Kalal ◽  
Himanshu Shekhar ◽  
Prashant Sudhir Alegaonkar ◽  
Shrikant Pande
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Flame Zone ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Propellant Combustion ◽  
Double Base ◽  
Zone Temperature

This paper discusses the method for propellant combustion studies with embedded thermocouple and imaging method at ambient pressure. In this study, three different propellant compositions are experimentally evaluated for surface temperature, flame zone temperature with embedded thermocouple, and reaction zone thickness with high-speed imaging of propellant during combustion at ambient pressure. Preheat zone and flame zone temperature profiles are recorded with time and surface temperature is determined with available models. Observation of these experiments gives the difference between combustion mechanism of double-base propellant with diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), composite propellant (CP) and CP with energetic binder. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images analysis for pristine and quenched sample is also presented.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental study of pyrophoric activated metal Mg surface combustion characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172064
Author(s):  
Hesong Huang ◽  
Zhongxiang Tong ◽  
Chaozhe Wang ◽  
Biao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Adiabatic Wall ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imager

The combustion of multi-hole pyrophoric activated metal is solid combustion and the combustion mechanism is quite complex, which is a difficult problem to be solved. Once the pyrophoric activated metal is exposed to air, the oxygen diffuses to the interior of the activated metal within plenty of holes and reacts with it, which enlarges the contact area with oxygen. Consequently, the whole combustion is vigorous and the temperature rises rapidly. To study the combustion mechanism of the chaff, the surface heat balance equation is established in this work by taking Mg as the activated metal. To solve this equation, the chaff adiabatic wall temperature distribution is computed by computational fluid dynamics in the presence of high-speed airflow. Then, the chaff surface temperature distribution is obtained by solving the heat balance equations. Finally, numerical and experimental results obtained via an infrared thermal imager are compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of the established equation.

Computing Method Investigation and Verification of Gas-Solid Combustion in Magnesium-Aluminum Based Propellant Ducted Rocket

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 490-493
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Field Information ◽  
Ducted Rocket ◽  
Reaction Equations ◽  
Performance Calculation ◽  
Computing Method

The combustion mechanism, which consisting of 22 species and 23 reaction equations, and three discrete models such as inertia, combusting, modification droplet, are employed for the investigation of gas-solid combustion in magnesium-aluminum based propellant ducted rocket based on thermal performance calculation. And path lines, temperature distribution, sediments are discussed after the computing method is validated by direct-connect experimentation and the flow field information, which obtained by numerical method and coincided with currently conclusions. The results indicated that the proposed method is reliable and practicable.

Inelastic Electron-Matter Interactions

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
J. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Unique Probe ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Elastic Processes ◽  
Experimental Level ◽  
Inelastic Processes

In this introductory paper, my primary concern will be in identifying and outlining the various types of inelastic processes resulting from the interaction of electrons with matter. Elastic processes are understood reasonably well at the present experimental level and can be regarded as giving information on spatial arrangements. We need not consider them here. Inelastic processes do contain information of considerable value which reflect the electronic and chemical structure of the sample. In combination with the spatial resolution of the electron microscope, a unique probe of materials is finally emerging (Hillier 1943, Watanabe 1955, Castaing and Henri 1962, Crewe 1966, Wittry, Ferrier and Cosslett 1969, Isaacson and Johnson 1975, Egerton, Rossouw and Whelan 1976, Kokubo and Iwatsuki 1976, Colliex, Cosslett, Leapman and Trebbia 1977). We first review some scattering terminology by way of background and to identify some of the more interesting and significant features of energy loss electrons and then go on to discuss examples of studies of the type of phenomena encountered. Finally we will comment on some of the experimental factors encountered.

Chemical structure of diamond-like carbon thin films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
N.-H. Cho ◽  
K.M. Krishnan ◽  
D.B. Bogy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Sputtering Power ◽  
Data Aquisition ◽  
Equilibrium Phases ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have attracted much attention due to their useful properties and applications. These properties are quite variable depending on film preparation techniques and conditions, DLC is a metastable state formed from highly non-equilibrium phases during the condensation of ionized particles. The nature of the films is therefore strongly dependent on their particular chemical structures. In this study, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to investigate how the chemical bonding configurations of DLC films vary as a function of sputtering power densities. The electrical resistivity of the films was determined, and related to their chemical structure.DLC films with a thickness of about 300Å were prepared at 0.1, 1.1, 2.1, and 10.0 watts/cm2, respectively, on NaCl substrates by d.c. magnetron sputtering. EEL spectra were obtained from diamond, graphite, and the films using a JEOL 200 CX electron microscope operating at 200 kV. A Gatan parallel EEL spectrometer and a Kevex data aquisition system were used to analyze the energy distribution of transmitted electrons. The electrical resistivity of the films was measured by the four point probe method.

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