A cosmic microscope for the preheating era

Light fields with spatially varying backgrounds can modulate cosmic preheating, and imprint the nonlinear effects of preheating dynamics at tiny scales on large scale fluctuations. This provides us a unique probe into the preheating era which we dub the “cosmic microscope”. We identify a distinctive effect of preheating on scalar perturbations that turns the Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a light scalar field into square waves, like a diode. The effect manifests itself as local non-Gaussianity. We present a model, “modulated partial preheating”, where this nonlinear effect is consistent with current observations and can be reached by near future cosmic probes.

Measuring the integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect from the low-density regions of the universe

ABSTRACT The integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) effect is caused by the decay of cosmological gravitational potential and is therefore a unique probe of dark energy. However, its robust detection is still problematic. Various tensions between different data sets, different large-scale structure (LSS) tracers, and between data and the ΛCDM theory prediction exist. We propose a novel method of ISW measurement by cross-correlating cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the LSS traced by ‘low-density position’ (LDP). It isolates the ISW effect generated by low-density regions of the universe but insensitive to selection effects associated with voids. We apply it to the DR8 galaxy catalogue of the DESI Legacy imaging surveys and obtain the LDPs at z ≤ 0.6 over ∼20 000 deg2 sky coverage. We then cross-correlate with the Planck temperature map and detect the ISW effect at 3.2σ. We further compare the measurement with numerical simulations of the concordance ΛCDM cosmology and find the ISW amplitude parameter AISW = 1.14 ± 0.38 when we adopt an LDP definition radius $R_\mathrm{ s}=3^{^{\prime }}$, fully consistent with the prediction of the standard ΛCDM cosmology (AISW = 1). This agreement with ΛCDM cosmology holds for all the galaxy samples and Rs that we have investigated. Furthermore, the S/N is comparable to that of galaxy ISW measurement. These results demonstrate the LDP method as a competitive alternative to existing ISW measurement methods and provide independent checks to existing tensions.

One-loop matching for spin-dependent quasi-TMDs

Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) provide a unique probe of the three-dimensional spin structure of hadrons. We construct spin-dependent quasi-TMDPDFs that are amenable to lattice QCD calculations and that can be used to determine spin-dependent TMDPDFs. We calculate the short-distance coefficients connecting spin-dependent TMDPDFs and quasi-TMDPDFs at one-loop order. We find that the helicity and transversity distributions have the same coefficient as the unpolarized TMDPDF. We also argue that the same is true for pretzelosity and that this spin universality of the matching will hold to all orders in αs. Thus, it is possible to calculate ratios of these distributions as a function of longitudinal momentum and transverse position utilizing simpler Wilson line paths than have previously been considered.

Transmembrane Receptors, Cytoskeleton and Cell Cycle Genes Were Progressively Deregulated in the Bone Marrow CD19+ and CD138+ Cells of Patientswwith Waldenstrom's Macroglolubinemia (WM) Vs. Subjects with IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Igmmgus Vs. Healthy Subjects

In this study, we investigated the transcriptome differences of selected bone marrow (BM) CD19+ and BM CD138+ cells of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) patients vs. IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (IgMMGUS) subjects vs. healthy donors (CTLRs). We performed the gene expression profiling (GEP) considering all the different transcript isoforms of genes, coding and non-coding transcripts. Microarrays were performed on BM CD19+ cells (n=36) and BM CD138+ (n=32) in WM, BM CD19+ cells (n=10) and BM CD138+ (n=10) cells in IgMMGUS, BM CD19+ cells (n=7) and BM CD138+ (n=7) cells in healthy donors (CTRLs), respectively. Data were preprocessed and normalized using RMA and ComBat. We performed a functional annotation clustering and enrichment analysis on each pattern using DAVID 6.7 (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Selection of differentially expressed genes (DEg) was performed separately for CD19+ and CD138+ cells using Statistical Analysis for Microarrays (SAM) on 3 groups (WM, IgMMGUS and CTRLs). A false discovery rate threshold of 5% was used followed, for significance comparisons, by a pair-wise SAM test. We identified 3095 unique probe-sets corresponding to 2559 unique genes and 494 not annotated probe-sets from the comparison of WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CRTLs in CD19+ cells. The comparison of WM, IgMMGUS and CRTLs in CD138+ cells demonstrated 38 unique probe-sets corresponding to 32 unique genes and 2 not annotated probe-sets. There were no genes in common between the CD19+ and the CD138+ DEg lists. To better characterize the genes selected as differentially expressed we considered, for all genes that resulted significantly DE in at least one of the below listed comparisons, the following patterns of differential expression: 1) WM>IgMGUS, IgMGUS>CTRLs, and WM>CTRLs; 2) WM<IgMGUS, IgMGUS<CTRLs, and WM<CTRLs. We identified 265 unique genes in the CD19+ cells pattern 1 whereas the CD19+ cells pattern 2 contained 403 unique genes. Enrichment analyses showed that transmembrane, adhesion and flavo proteins were progressively significantly under expressed in the WM>IgMGUS>CTRL CD19+ pattern. IL2RA (CD25), ATP1B1 and ADRB2 (cGMP-PKG signaling pathway), GPER (activating PI3K signaling pathway) and IGHM were up regulated in WM. We found in the hematopoietic lineage that CD1D (positive in WM Natural Killer T cells), CD44 (marker in WM stromal cells), IL6 and IGHM were progressively under expressed in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs. CEACAM1 and ANG, both inducing new blood vessels formation, were progressively down regulated in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs. Notably, ANG was over expressed in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs with the fold change (FC) of 1.54, 2.13 and 3.27, respectively. The WM<IgMGUS<CTRL CD19+ pattern showed that 50 genes involved in cytoskeleton and 35 genes belonging to the cell cycle, were progressively over expressed in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs. ADARB1 (alternative splicing) and LEF1 (transcription regulation) were progressively over expressed in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs with the following FC: -2.19, -2.16, -4.72 and -1.50, -2.58, -3.86, respectively. In addition, IL4R (plasma membrane protein) which has been demonstrated to be down regulated in WM B cells, was progressively up regulated in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs with the FC of -1.83, -2.18, and -3.99, respectively. GEP data determined few genes in the CD138+ cells patterns: no genes were differently expressed in the WM>IgMGUS>CTRL CD138+ pattern 1 whereas 26 genes emerged from the WM<IgMMGUS< CTRLs CD138+ pattern 2. Enrichment analyses demonstrated that cell junctions genes were progressively significantly over expressed in the WM<IgMMGUS< CTRLs CD138+ pattern 2. TJP1 (apoptosis) was progressively over expressed in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs with the FC -2.65, -2.33 and -6.18, respectively. In previous studies it has been demonstrated that the TJP1 lower expression induced resistance to proteasome inhibitors in myeloma. TUBB2B, SEPT10, TTLL,SYNM, PARD3, ARHGAP32, involved in the cytoskeleton, as well as PERP (TP53 apoptosis effector), ESPR1 (RNA splicing), and CADPS2 (protein transport) were progressively down regulated in CTRLs vs. IgMMGUS vs. WM. In conclusion, we demonstrated that transmembrane receptors, cell cycle, and cytoskeleton proteins in BM CD19+ cells as well as transmembrane/cell junctions molecules in BM CD138+ cells were differently and progressively deregulated in WM vs. IgMMGUS vs. CTRLs, respectively. Disclosures Tedeschi: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BeiGene: Honoraria; SUNESIS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen spa: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy. Montillo:AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Versatem: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Acerta: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

Evaluation of PicoGreen variants for use in microscopy and flow cytometry

PicoGreen is a fluorescent probe that binds dsDNA and forms a highly luminescent complex when compared to the free dye in solution. This unique probe is widely used in DNA quantitation assays but has limited application in flow cytometry and microscopy. Here we have investigated various PicoGreen variants for the ability to stain low amounts of cytosolic DNA present in many tumor cells. Analysis of stained cells by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy showed that certain variants improved the ability to stain low levels of cytosolic DNA when compared to the commercially available PicoGreen molecule.