Polydopamine-based nanoplatform for photothermal ablation with long-term immune activation against melanoma and its recurrence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Rong Guo ◽  
Jiaojie Wei ◽  
Miao Deng ◽  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Photothermal Ablation

scholarly journals Immunovirological parameters and cytokines in HIV infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Ingrid Tasca ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Calvi ◽  
Lenice do Rosário de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
The Many ◽  
Lower Morbidity

Although modern combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) result in lower morbidity and mortality and a visible improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters in HIV-infected, it is known that their long-term use contributes to appearance of the many events unrelated to AIDS such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and osteoporosis, comorbidities which have been proposed as some of the most important that deprive the majority of infected to present an even better prognosis. This is because even with a decrease in inflammation and immune activation after drug intervention to the patient, these parameters remain higher than those shown by healthy individuals and the imbalance of cytokine profiles also persists. Therefore, evaluations of other biomarkers in clinical practice are needed to complement the exams already carried out routinely and allow more effective monitoring of HIV patients. This review aims to investigate the role of cytokines as potential markers showing studies on their behavior in various stages of HIV infection, with or without cART.

scholarly journals Immune Activation, Inflammation, and Non-AIDS Co-Morbidities in HIV-Infected Patients under Long-Term ART

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Zicari ◽  
Libera Sessa ◽  
Nicola Cotugno ◽  
Alessandra Ruggiero ◽  
Elena Morrocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Residual Viremia ◽  
Immune Exhaustion ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Persistent Antigen ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Living With Hiv

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) still present persistent chronic immune activation and inflammation. This condition is the result of several factors including thymic dysfunction, persistent antigen stimulation due to low residual viremia, microbial translocation and dysbiosis, caused by the disruption of the gut mucosa, co-infections, and cumulative ART toxicity. All of these factors can create a vicious cycle that does not allow the full control of immune activation and inflammation, leading to an increased risk of developing non-AIDS co-morbidities such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the most recent data about HIV-associated inflammation and chronic immune exhaustion in PLWH under effective ART. Furthermore, we discuss new therapy approaches that are currently being tested to reduce the risk of developing inflammation, ART toxicity, and non-AIDS co-morbidities.

scholarly journals Persistent high levels of immune activation and their correlation with the HIV-1 proviral DNA and 2-LTR circles loads, in a cohort of Mexican individuals following long-term and fully suppressive treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
Aurelio Orta-Resendiz ◽  
Monica Viveros-Rogel ◽  
Luis L. Fuentes-Romero ◽  
Moises Vergara-Mendoza ◽  
Damaris P. Romero-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Replication in Semen Is Associated with Higher Levels of Proviral HIV DNA and CD4+T Cell Activation during Antiretroviral Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (14) ◽  
pp. 7818-7827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gianella ◽  
Marta Massanella ◽  
Douglas D. Richman ◽  
Susan J. Little ◽  
Celsa A. Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Hiv Dna ◽  
Dna Reservoir

ABSTRACTAsymptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication occurs frequently in the genital tract in untreated HIV-infected men and is associated with increased immune activation and HIV disease progression. To determine the connections between CMV-associated immune activation and the size of the viral reservoir, we evaluated the interactions between (i) asymptomatic seminal CMV replication, (ii) levels of T cell activation and proliferation in blood, and (iii) the size and transcriptional activity of the HIV DNA reservoir in blood from 53 HIV-infected men on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with suppressed HIV RNA in blood plasma. We found that asymptomatic CMV shedding in semen was associated with significantly higher levels of proliferating and activated CD4+T cells in blood (P< 0.01). Subjects with detectable CMV in semen had approximately five times higher average levels of HIV DNA in blood CD4+T cells than subjects with no CMV. There was also a trend for CMV shedders to have increased cellular (multiply spliced) HIV RNA transcription (P= 0.068) compared to participants without CMV, but it is unclear if this transcription pattern is associated with residual HIV replication. In multivariate analysis, the presence of seminal plasma CMV (P= 0.04), detectable 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR), and lower nadir CD4+(P< 0.01) were independent predictors of higher levels of proviral HIV DNA in blood. Interventions aimed at reducing seminal CMV and associated immune activation may be important for HIV curative strategies. Future studies of anti-CMV therapeutics will help to establish causality and determine the mechanisms underlying these described associations.IMPORTANCEAlmost all individuals infected with HIV are also infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the replication dynamics of the two viruses likely influence each other. This study investigated interactions between asymptomatic CMV replication within the male genital tract, levels of inflammation in blood, and the size of the HIV DNA reservoir in 53 HIV-infected men on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with suppressed HIV RNA in blood plasma. In support of our primary hypothesis, shedding of CMV DNA in semen was associated with increased activation and proliferation of T cells in blood and also significantly higher levels of HIV DNA in blood cells. These results suggest that CMV reactivation might play a role in the maintenance of the HIV DNA reservoir during suppressive ART and that it could be a target of pharmacologic intervention in future studies.

Long-term exercise from adolescence to adulthood reduces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors following maternal immune activation in offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 113130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Rahimi ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Leila Anoosheh ◽  
Elham Ghasemzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid analysis for HIV replication and biomarkers of immune activation and neurodegeneration in long-term atazanavir/ritonavir monotherapy treated patients

Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (28) ◽  
pp. e4144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferretti ◽  
Alba Bigoloni ◽  
Laura Passeri ◽  
Laura Galli ◽  
Valeria Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis

scholarly journals Long-term effects of maternal immune activation on depression-like behavior in the mouse

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e363-e363 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Khan ◽  
P Fernando ◽  
A Cicvaric ◽  
A Berger ◽  
A Pollak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation

scholarly journals A Translational Perspective of Maternal Immune Activation by SARS-CoV-2 on the Potential Prenatal Origin of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Javier Reyes-Lagos ◽  
Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro ◽  
Juan Carlos Echeverría ◽  
Hugo Mendieta-Zerón ◽  
Alejandra Vargas-Caraveo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Psychophysiological Data

The emergent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could produce a maternal immune activation (MIA) via the inflammatory response during gestation that may impair fetal neurodevelopment and lead to postnatal and adulthood mental illness and behavioral dysfunctions. However, so far, limited evidence exists regarding long-term physiological, immunological, and neurodevelopmental modifications produced by the SARS-CoV-2 in the human maternal-fetal binomial and, particularly, in the offspring. Relevant findings derived from epidemiological and preclinical models show that a MIA is indeed linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that a gestational infection triggered by SARS-CoV-2 increases the risks leading to neurodevelopmental disorders of the newborn, which can affect childhood and the long-term quality of life. In particular, disruption of either the maternal or the fetal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) could cause or exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 in the maternal-fetal binomial. From a translational perspective, in this paper, we discuss the possible manifestation of a MIA by SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders considering the role of the fetal-maternal cytokine cross-talk and the CAP. Specifically, we highlight the urgent need of preclinical studies as well as multicenter and international databanks of maternal-fetal psychophysiological data obtained pre-, during, and post-infection by SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant women and their offspring.

scholarly journals Monocyte Based Correlates of Immune Activation and Viremia in HIV-Infected Long-Term Non-Progressors

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha M. Prabhu ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Varsha Padwal ◽  
Vidya Nagar ◽  
Priya Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation
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