Light Scattering Measurements to Support Real-Time Monitoring and Closed-Loop Control of Aerosol Jet Printing

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a complex process for additive electronics that is often unstable. To overcome this instability, observation while printing and control of the printing process using image-based monitoring is demonstrated. This monitoring is validated against images taken after the print and shown highly correlated and useful for the determination of printed linewidth. These images and the observed linewidth are used as input for closed-loop control of the printing process, with print speed changed in response to changes in the observed linewidth. Regression is used to relate these quantities and forms the basis of proportional and proportional integral control. Electrical test structures were printed with controlled and uncontrolled printing, and it was found that the control influenced their linewidth and electrical properties, giving improved uniformity in both size and electrical performance.

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In-Situ Image-Based Monitoring and Closed-Loop Control of Aerosol Jet Printing

Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Bio and Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2018-6487 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jack P. Lombardi ◽

Roozbeh (Ross) Salary ◽

Darshana L. Weerawarne ◽

Prahalada K. Rao ◽

Mark D. Poliks

Keyword(s):

Closed Loop ◽

Electrical Performance ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Printing Process ◽

Loop Control ◽

Control Gain ◽

Jet Printing ◽

Time Observation ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Aerosol Jet Printing

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a complex process for additive electronics that is often unstable. To overcome this instability, real-time observation and control of the printing process using image based monitoring is demonstrated. This monitoring is validated against images taken after the print and shown highly correlated and useful for determination of printed linewidth. These images and the observed linewidth are used as input for closed-loop control of the printing process, with print speed changed in response to changes in observed linewidth. Linear regression is used to relate these quantities and forms the basis of a proportional control. A test using multiple print speeds and the observed linewidths is used to set the control gain. Electrical test structures were printed with controlled and uncontrolled printing, and it was found that the control influenced their linewidth and electrical properties, giving improved uniformity in both size and electrical performance.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Real-time closed-loop control in a rodent model of medically induced coma using burst suppression.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718132854.793484860 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Ralph Lydic

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Rodent Model ◽

Burst Suppression ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control

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A Playbook(trademark) for Real-Time, Closed-Loop Control

10.21236/ada439281 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harry Funk ◽

Robert Goldman ◽

Christopher Miller ◽

John Meisner ◽

Peggy Wu

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control

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Modeling and Closed-Loop Control of Stretch Bending of Aluminum Rectangular Tubes

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1536659 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hong Zhu ◽

Kim A. Stelson

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Real Time ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Strain History ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Stretch Bending ◽

Rectangular Tube ◽

Rectangular Tubes

During stretch bending, considerable springback will occur after a tube has been plastically bent. To predict the springback, a simplified two-flange model for stretch bending of a rectangular tube has been developed in which the strain history has been considered. A comparison has been made between the springback predicted by this model and experimental data, which shows rough agreement. Based on this model, a real time closed-loop control algorithm is developed.

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Controlling Nylon Dyeing by Dye and Chemical Metering

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/004051759706700809 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 67 (8) ◽

pp. 609-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ralph McGregor ◽

Manpreet S. Arora ◽

Warren J. Jasper

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Control ◽

Binary Mixture ◽

Real Time ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Good Reproducibility ◽

Acid Dyes ◽

Loop Control ◽

Polyamide Fibers ◽

The Individual

Closed-loop control of the dosing of dyes and chemicals is used to obtain an on-tone build-up of shade in dyeing polyamide fibers with a binary mixture of monosulfonated acid dyes. Computerized dosing pumps control the pH, the dyebath concentrations of the individual dyes, and the total sorption of each dye during the process. This real-time, closed-loop adaptive control yields good reproducibility and uniform shade build-up in a laboratory dyeing machine. It is possible to reuse a dyebath containing residual dyes and chemicals from a previous dyeing.

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Real-Time Low-Cost Speed Monitoring and Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor via a Voltage/Frequency Control Approach

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/6913813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Ali Hmidet ◽

Olfa Boubaker

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Induction Motor ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Low Cost ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Control Approach ◽

Three Phase ◽

Wide Range ◽

Voltage Frequency

In this paper, a new design of a real-time low-cost speed monitoring and closed-loop control of the three-phase induction motor (IM) is proposed. The proposed solution is based on a voltage/frequency (V/F) control approach and a PI antiwindup regulator. It uses the Waijung Blockset which considerably alleviates the heaviness and the difficulty of the microcontroller’s programming task incessantly crucial for the implementation and the management of such complex applications. Indeed, it automatically generates C codes for many types of microcontrollers like the STM32F4 family, also used in this application. Furthermore, it offers a cost-effective design reducing the system components and increasing its efficiency. To prove the efficiency of the suggested design, not only simulation results are carried out for a wide range of variations in load and reference speed but also experimental assessment. The real-time closed-loop control performances are proved using the aMG SQLite Data Server via the UART port board, whereas Waijung WebPage Designer (W2D) is used for the web monitoring task. Experimental results prove the accuracy and robustness of the proposed solution.

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An Intelligent Microwave Oven with Thermal Imaging and Temperature Recommendation Using Deep Learning

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi3010013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tareq Khan

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Real Time ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Thermal Image ◽

Microwave Oven ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Target Temperature ◽

Thermal Camera ◽

Loop Control

Whenever food in a microwave oven is heated, the user estimates the time to heat. This estimation can be incorrect, leading the food to be too hot or still cold. In this research, an intelligent microwave oven is designed. After the food is put into the microwave oven and the door is closed, it captures the image of the food, classifies the image and then suggests the food’s target temperature by learning from previous experiences, so the user does not have to recall the target food temperature each time the same food is warmed. The temperature of the food is measured using a thermal camera. The proposed microwave incorporates a display to show a real-time colored thermal image of the food. The microwave automatically stops the heating when the temperature of the food hits the target temperature using closed-loop control. The deep learning-based image classifier gradually learns the type of foods that are consumed in that household and becomes smarter in temperature recommendation. The system can classify and recommend target temperature with 93% accuracy. A prototype is developed using a microcontroller-based system and successfully tested.

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