Image-Based Closed-Loop Control of Aerosol Jet Printing Using Classical Control Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack P. Lombardi ◽  
Roozbeh (Ross) Salary ◽  
Darshana L. Weerawarne ◽  
Prahalada K. Rao ◽  
Mark D. Poliks
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Proportional Integral Control ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a complex process for additive electronics that is often unstable. To overcome this instability, observation while printing and control of the printing process using image-based monitoring is demonstrated. This monitoring is validated against images taken after the print and shown highly correlated and useful for the determination of printed linewidth. These images and the observed linewidth are used as input for closed-loop control of the printing process, with print speed changed in response to changes in the observed linewidth. Regression is used to relate these quantities and forms the basis of proportional and proportional integral control. Electrical test structures were printed with controlled and uncontrolled printing, and it was found that the control influenced their linewidth and electrical properties, giving improved uniformity in both size and electrical performance.

In-Situ Image-Based Monitoring and Closed-Loop Control of Aerosol Jet Printing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack P. Lombardi ◽  
Roozbeh (Ross) Salary ◽  
Darshana L. Weerawarne ◽  
Prahalada K. Rao ◽  
Mark D. Poliks
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Gain ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a complex process for additive electronics that is often unstable. To overcome this instability, real-time observation and control of the printing process using image based monitoring is demonstrated. This monitoring is validated against images taken after the print and shown highly correlated and useful for determination of printed linewidth. These images and the observed linewidth are used as input for closed-loop control of the printing process, with print speed changed in response to changes in observed linewidth. Linear regression is used to relate these quantities and forms the basis of a proportional control. A test using multiple print speeds and the observed linewidths is used to set the control gain. Electrical test structures were printed with controlled and uncontrolled printing, and it was found that the control influenced their linewidth and electrical properties, giving improved uniformity in both size and electrical performance.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

118-LB: Glucose Variability throughout the Menstrual Cycle on Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 DM

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 118-LB
Author(s):  
CAROL J. LEVY ◽  
GRENYE OMALLEY ◽  
SUE A. BROWN ◽  
DAN RAGHINARU ◽  
YOGISH C. KUDVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Type 1 Dm

101-LB: Eighteen-Month Use of Closed-Loop Control (CLC): A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 101-LB
Author(s):  
SUE A. BROWN ◽  
DAN RAGHINARU ◽  
BRUCE A. BUCKINGHAM ◽  
YOGISH C. KUDVA ◽  
LORI M. LAFFEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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