Comparable levels of microbial contamination in soil and on tomato crops after drip irrigation with treated wastewater or potable water

2016 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra Orlofsky ◽  
Nirit Bernstein ◽  
Mollie Sacks ◽  
Ahuva Vonshak ◽  
Maya Benami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE KIT DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO UTILIZANDO ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Roberta Daniela Da Silva Santos ◽  
Regiane De Carvalho Bispo ◽  
Kevim Muniz Ventura ◽  
Marcello Henryque Costa de Souza ◽  
Mariana Alexandre de Lima Sales
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Water Application Efficiency

AVALIAÇÃO DE KIT DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO UTILIZANDO ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA  ROBERTA DANIELA DA SILVA SANTOS1; REGIANE DE CARVALHO BISPO1; KEVIM MUNIZ VENTURA1; MARCELLO HENRYQUE COSTA DE SOUZA1 E MARIANA ALEXANDRE DE LIMA SALES1 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Irrigação e Drenagem, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”- UNESP/FCA, Rua Dr. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Botucatu, SP, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO A produtividade agrícola em sistemas irrigados está diretamente relacionada com a uniformidade de distribuição de água para as plantas. Avaliar periodicamente essa distribuição de água é fundamental, pois a irregularidade desse parâmetro, pode causar desperdícios de água e energia, além de prejudicar a rentabilidade da propriedade. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a eficiência de aplicação de água do kit de gotejamento – Dripkit, novo e após 15 meses instalado em campo, operando com água residuária tratada. A avaliação foi realizada no Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA/UNESP, campus Botucatu-SP e foi conduzido conforme as recomendações da Norma ISO 9261:2004, utilizando água de abastecimento público, fornecida pela Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp). A avaliação foi realizada na bancada de ensaios para tubos gotejadores e foram calculados os coeficientes de uniformidade de Christiansen, de distribuição, de uniformidade estatístico e eficiência de aplicação. Na mangueira usada, os parâmetros CUC, CUD, CUE e EA, foram classificados como ruim, razoável, inaceitável e inaceitável, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Irrigação localizada, uniformidade, distribuição, eficiência de aplicação.  SANTOS, R. D. S.; BISPO, R. de C.; VENTURA, K. M.; SOUZA, M. H. C.; SALES, M. A. L.EVALUATION OF A DRIPPING IRRIGATION KIT THAT USES WASTEWATER  2 ABSTRACT Agricultural productivity in irrigated systems is directly related to the uniformity of distribution of water to the plants. The periodical evaluation of this water distribution is fundamental, since an irregularity in this parameter may waste water and energy, as well as undermine the profitability of the property. In this way, the purpose of this work is to compare the water application efficiency of the drip kit – Dripkit after 15 months of use in the field, operating with treated wastewater. The test was carried out in the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Department of Rural Engineering of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - FCA / UNESP, Campus Botucatu-SP and was conducted in accordance with the ISO 9261: 2004 standards, using potable water. The evaluation was performed on a test bench for dripping irrigation and the uniformity, Christiansen, distribution and statistical coefficients were calculated. The CUC, CUD, CUE and EA parameters were classified as bad, regular, unacceptable and unacceptable, respectively. Keywords: Drip irrigation, uniformity, distribution, application efficiency.

Behaviour of the fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Campos ◽  
G. Oron ◽  
M. Salgot ◽  
L. Gillerman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
Subsurface Drip

A critical objective for any wastewater reuse programme is to minimise health and environmental hazard. When applying wastewater to soil–plant systems, it is to be noted that the passage of water through the soil considerably reduces the number of microorganisms carried by the reclaimed wastewater. Factors that affect survival include number and type of microorganisms, soil organic matter content, temperature, moisture, pH, rainfall, sunlight, protection provided by foliage and antagonism by soil microflora. The purpose of this work was to examine the behaviour of fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard located at a commercial farm near the City of Arad (Israel). Wastewater and soil samples were monitored during the irrigation period and examined for fecal coliforms, somatic and F+ coliphages and helminth eggs. Physico-chemical parameters were controlled in order to determine their relationship with removal of microorganisms. The results showed high reduction of the concentration of microorganisms when wastewater moves through the soil; and a good correlation between the reduction of fecal pollution indicators and moisture content, organic matter concentration and pH. The application of secondary treated domestic wastewater in this specific soil and under these irrigation systems affect the survival of microorganisms, thus reducing the health and environmental risk.

Effect of New Irrigation Technology on the Physiology and Water Use Efficiency of Potato by Reclaimed Water Irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3035-3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Bin Qi ◽  
Zong Dong Huang ◽  
Dong Mei Qiao ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Zhi Juan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. The agricultural sector continues to have a negative impact on the ecological status of the environment. The worlds interest in high quality food is increasing. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on physiological responses, yield and water use efficiency, Soil nitrogen, Root weight density of potato in the semi-humid region of middle China using subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment used second-stage treated wastewater with and without addition of chloride, and both subsurface drip and furrow irrigations were investigated. Results indicated that the alternate partial root-zone irrigation is a practicable water-saving strategy for potato. The drip with chlorinated and non-chlorinated water improved water use efficiency by 21.48% and 39.1%, respectively, and 44.1% in the furrow irrigation. Partial root zone drying irrigation stimulates potato root growth and enhances root density. The content of the heavy metal in the potato tubers is no more than the National Food Requirements, and it is consistent with National Food Hygiene Stands.

Outbreaks Where Food Workers Have Been Implicated in the Spread of Foodborne Disease. Part 9. Washing and Drying of Hands To Reduce Microbial Contamination

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1937-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWEN C. D. TODD ◽  
BARRY S. MICHAELS ◽  
DEBRA SMITH ◽  
JUDY D. GREIG ◽  
CHARLES A. BARTLESON
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Foodborne Outbreak ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
Diarrheal Episode ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Food Workers

During various daily activities at home and work, hands quickly become contaminated. Some activities increase the risk of finger contamination by pathogens more than others, such as the use of toilet paper to clean up following a diarrheal episode, changing the diaper of a sick infant, blowing a nose, or touching raw food materials. Many foodborne outbreak investigation reports have identified the hands of food workers as the source of pathogens in the implicated food. The most convenient and efficient way of removing pathogens from hands is through hand washing. Important components of hand washing are potable water for rinsing and soaps to loosen microbes from the skin. Hand washing should occur after any activity that soils hands and certainly before preparing, serving, or eating food. Antimicrobial soaps are marginally more effective than plain soaps, but constant use results in a buildup of the antimicrobial compound on the skin. The time taken to wash hands and the degree of friction generated during lathering are more important than water temperature for removing soil and microorganisms. However, excessive washing and scrubbing can cause skin damage and infections. Drying hands with a towel removes pathogens first by friction during rubbing with the drying material and then by wicking away the moisture into that material. Paper rather than cloth towels should be encouraged, although single-use cloth towels are present in the washrooms of higher class hotels and restaurants. Warm air dryers remove moisture and any surface microorganisms loosened by washing from hands by evaporation while the hands are rubbed together vigorously; however, these dryers take too long for efficient use. The newer dryers with high-speed air blades can achieve dryness in 10 to15 s without hand rubbing.

Comparative Analysis of Low Cost Nanomaterials for Removal of Arsenic and Microbial Contamination from Potable Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Mathur ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Mini Namdeo Giri ◽  
Rama Mehta ◽  
Vijaya Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Biological and chemical fouling in drip irrigation systems utilizing treated wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tarchitzky ◽  
A. Rimon ◽  
E. Kenig ◽  
C. G. Dosoretz ◽  
Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation Systems

Formation and prevention of biofilm and mineral precipitate clogging in drip irrigation systems applying treated wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofek Green ◽  
Sagi Katz ◽  
Jorge Tarchitzky ◽  
Yona Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation Systems

scholarly journals Pathogen survival in recycled water

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jatinder PS Sidhu ◽  
Simon G Toze
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pathogen Survival

Pathogen survival in recycled water Water shortages affect more than 2 billion people worldwide in over 40 countries, with 1.1 billion people living without sufficient drinking water. Captured stormwater and treated wastewater can be used for supplementing non-potable water supplies. However presence of enteric pathogens in the reclaimed water can lead to potential health hazards.

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