Recession of phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in tile drainage water after high poultry manure applications in two consecutive years

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbro Ulén ◽  
Ingrid Wesström ◽  
Göran Johansson ◽  
Lovisa Stjernman Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Effect of controlled drainage and tillage on soil structure and tile drainage nitrate loss at the field scale

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tan ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
M. Soultani ◽  
I. J. van Wesenbeeck ◽  
H. Y. F. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Nitrate Loss ◽  
Free Drainage

Conservation tillage has become an attractive form of agricultural management practices for corn and soybean production on heavy textured soil in southern Ontario because of the potential for improving soil quality. A controlled drainage system combined with conservation tillage practices has also been reported to improve water quality. In Southwestern Ontario, field scale on farm demonstration sites were established in a paired watershed (no-tillage vs. conventional tillage) on clay loam soil to study the effect of tillage system on soil structure and water quality. The sites included controlled drainage and free drainage systems to monitor their effect on nitrate loss in the tile drainage water. Soil structure, organic matter content and water storage in the soil profile were improved with no-tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT). No-tillage also increased earthworm populations. No-tillage was found to have higher tile drainage volume and nitrate loss which were attributed to an increase in soil macropores from earthworm activity. The controlled drainage system (CD) reduced nitrate loss in tile drainage water by 14% on CT site and 25.5% on NT site compared to the corresponding free drainage system (DR) from May, 1995 to April 30, 1997. No-tillage farming practices are definitely enhanced by using a controlled drainage system for preventing excessive nitrate leaching through tile drainage. Average soybean yields for CT site were about 12 to 14% greater than the NT site in 1995 and 1996. However, drainage systems had very little effect on soybean yields in 1995 and 1996 due to extremely dry growing seasons.

Survival of Escherichia coli in agricultural soil and presence in tile drainage and shallow groundwater

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C VanderZaag ◽  
K J Campbell ◽  
R C Jamieson ◽  
A C Sinclair ◽  
L G Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
E Coli

Animal agriculture and the use of manure as a soil amendment can lead to enteric pathogens entering water used for drinking, irrigation, and recreation. The presence of Escherichia coli in water is commonly used as an indicator of recent fecal contamination; however, a few recent studies suggest some E. coli populations are able to survive for extended time periods in agricultural soils. This important finding needs to be further assessed with field-scale studies. To this end, we conducted a 1-yr study within a 9.6-ha field that had received fertilizer and semi-solid dairy cattle manure annually for the past decade. Escherichia coli concentrations were monitored throughout the year (before and after manure application) in the effluent from tile drains (at approximately 80 cm depth) and in 5- to 8-m-deep groundwater wells. Escherichia coli was detected in both groundwater and tile drain effluent at concentrations exceeding irrigation and recreational water-quality guidelines. Within two of the monitoring wells, concentrations of E. coli, and frequency of detections, were greatest several months after the manure application. In two monitoring wells and one tile drain the frequency of E. coli detections was higher before manure was applied than after. This suggests the presence and abundance of E. coli was not strongly related to the timing of manure application. A laboratory study using naladixic acid resistant E. coli showed the bacteria could survive at least two times longer in soil samples collected from the study field than in soil from the adjacent riparian area, which had not received manure applications. Together, field and lab results suggest that a consistent source of E. coli exists within the field, which may include “naturalized” strains of E. coli. Further studies are required to determine the specific source of E. coli detected in tile drainage water and shallow groundwater. If the E. coli recovered in subsurface water is primarily mobilized from naturalized populations residing within the soil profile, this indicator organism would have little value as an indicator of recent fecal contamination. Key words: Bacterial survival, naturalized Escherichia coli, groundwater, tile drainage

Prediction of phosphorus concentration in tile-drainage water from the Montreal Lowlands soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beauchemin ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
M. A. Bolinder ◽  
M. C. Nolin ◽  
D. Cluis
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Total P

Subsurface drainage systems can be a significant pathway for P transfer from some soils to surface waters. The objective of the study was to determine P concentration in tile-drainage water and its relationship to P status in surface soils (A horizons) from an intensively cultivated area in the Montreal Lowlands. The profiles of 43 soil units were characterized for their P contents and pedogenic properties. Tile-drainage water P concentrations were monitored over a 3-y r period on a weekly basis on 10 soil units, and four times during each growing season for the other 33 units. The soil units were grouped into lower and higher P sorbing soils using multiple discriminant equations developed in an earlier related study. The A horizons of the lower P sorbing soils had an elevated P saturation degree [mean Mehlich(III) P/Al = 17%] associated with total P concentrations in tile-drainage water consistently greater than the surface water quality standard of 0.03 mg total P L-1. Conversely, low P concentrations in tile-drainage waters (< 0.03 mg L-1) and a moderate mean Mehlich(III) P/Al ratio of 8% were observed in the higher P sorbing soil group. Total P concentrations in drainage systems were significantly related to soil P status in surface soils. Grouping soils according to their P sorption capacities increased the power of prediction based on only one soil variable. However, accurate predictions in terms of drain P concentration can hardly be obtained unless large dataset and other factors related to field management practices and hydrology of the sites are also considered. Therefore, a better alternative to predict the risk of P leaching is to work in terms of risk classes and rely on a multiple factor index. Key words: Tile-drainage water, phosphorus, P transfer, P loss, degree of soil P saturation, phosphorus index

Is tile drainage water representative of root zone leaching of pesticides?

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole H Jacobsen ◽  
Jeanne Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Amendment in Woodchip Denitrifying Bioreactors for Nitrate and Phosphate Removal in Tile Drainage Flow

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Rasa Vismontienė ◽  
Arvydas Povilaitis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
P Removal ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Biochar has received increased attention in environmental applications in recent years. Therefore, three pilot-scale denitrifying bioreactors, one filled with woodchips only and the other two enriched with 10% and 20% by volume of biochar from deciduous wood, were tested under field conditions for the removal of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) from tile drainage water in Lithuania over a 3-year period. The experiment showed the possibility to improve NO3-N removal by incorporating 20% biochar into woodchips. Compared to the woodchips only and woodchips amended with 10% biochar, the NO3-N removal effect was particularly higher at temperatures below 10.0 °C. The results also revealed that woodchips alone can be a suitable medium for PO4-P removal, while the amendment of biochar to woodchips (regardless of 10% or 20%) can lead to large releases of PO4-P and other elements. Due to the potential adverse effects, the use of biochar in woodchip bioreactors has proven to be very limited and complicated. The experiment highlighted the need to determine the retention capacity of biochar for relevant substances depending on the feedstock and its physical and chemical properties before using it in denitrifying bioreactors.

A simple method for quantifying dissolved nitrous oxide in tile drainage water

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Roper ◽  
David L. Burton ◽  
Ali Madani ◽  
Glenn W. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Simple Method

Evaluation of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for Southern Ontario: Part I. Sensitivity Analysis, Calibration, and Validation

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmed ◽  
Ramesh Rudra ◽  
Kevin McKague ◽  
Bahram Gharabaghi ◽  
John Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Drain Flow ◽  
Fitting Parameters ◽  
Zone Water

Abstract This study focuses on the performance of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for corn production in southern Ontario. The model was used to simulate the amount of subsurface tile drainage, residual soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), NO3-N in subsurface drainage water, and crop yield. A precalibration sensitivity analysis of the model was conducted for several key parameters using field data collected at the study site. The RZWQM's hydrology component was most sensitive to the Brooks and Corey fitting parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), while the tile drain flow and the water table depth were sensitive to the Brooks and Corey fitting parameters of bubbling pressure (ψbp) and pore-size-distribution index (λ). The fraction of dead-end pores had relatively little effect on tile drain N loss. The crop yield is most affected by N uptake, age, and evapotranspiration rate. RZWQM simulated evapotranspiration was within the range (568 ± 55 mm) of the observed evapotranspiration. The model simulated corn yield very well (-0.1% difference) at the calibration site; however, it underestimated yield (-14.1%) at the validation site. Overall, the RZWQM simulated tile drain flow, NO3-N loss to tile drainage water, and crop yield with reasonable accuracy, but tended to underestimate the amount of soil NO3-N (mean deviation, -0.971). The inability of the model to handle the spatial and temporal variability of the soil may have affected its prediction accuracy. The model also needs improvement in simulating early spring snowmelt hydrology.

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