scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Amendment in Woodchip Denitrifying Bioreactors for Nitrate and Phosphate Removal in Tile Drainage Flow

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Rasa Vismontienė ◽  
Arvydas Povilaitis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
P Removal ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Biochar has received increased attention in environmental applications in recent years. Therefore, three pilot-scale denitrifying bioreactors, one filled with woodchips only and the other two enriched with 10% and 20% by volume of biochar from deciduous wood, were tested under field conditions for the removal of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) from tile drainage water in Lithuania over a 3-year period. The experiment showed the possibility to improve NO3-N removal by incorporating 20% biochar into woodchips. Compared to the woodchips only and woodchips amended with 10% biochar, the NO3-N removal effect was particularly higher at temperatures below 10.0 °C. The results also revealed that woodchips alone can be a suitable medium for PO4-P removal, while the amendment of biochar to woodchips (regardless of 10% or 20%) can lead to large releases of PO4-P and other elements. Due to the potential adverse effects, the use of biochar in woodchip bioreactors has proven to be very limited and complicated. The experiment highlighted the need to determine the retention capacity of biochar for relevant substances depending on the feedstock and its physical and chemical properties before using it in denitrifying bioreactors.

scholarly journals The novel method to reduce the silica content in lignin recovered from black liquor originating from rice straw

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nghi H. Do ◽  
Hieu H. Pham ◽  
Tan M. Le ◽  
Jeroen Lauwaert ◽  
Ludo Diels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Silica Removal ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractDifficulties in the production of lignin from rice straw because of high silica content in the recovered lignin reduce its recovery yield and applications as bio-fuel and aromatic chemicals. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a novel method to reduce the silica content in lignin from rice straw more effectively and selectively. The method is established by monitoring the precipitation behavior as well as the chemical structure of precipitate by single-stage acidification at different pH values of black liquor collected from the alkaline treatment of rice straw. The result illustrates the significant influence of pH on the physical and chemical properties of the precipitate and the supernatant. The simple two-step acidification of the black liquor at pilot-scale by sulfuric acid 20w/v% is applied to recover lignin at pH 9 and pH 3 and gives a percentage of silica removal as high as 94.38%. Following the developed process, the high-quality lignin could be produced from abundant rice straw at the industrial-scale.

Evaluation of influent prefermentation as a unit process upon biological nutrient removal

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. McCue ◽  
R. Shah ◽  
I. Vassiliev ◽  
Y.-H. Liu ◽  
F.G. Eremektar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
P Removal

The objective of this NSF sponsored research was to provide a controlled comparison of identical continuous flow biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes both with and without prefermentation in order to provide a stronger, more quantitative, technical basis for design engineers to determine the potential benefits of prefermentation to EBPR in treating domestic wastewater. Specifically, this paper focused upon the potential impacts of primary influent prefermentation upon BNR processes treating septic domestic wastewater. This study can be divided into two distinct phases - an initial bench-scale phase which treated septic P-limited (TCOD:TP>40) wastewater and a subsequent pilot-scale phase which treated septic COD-limited (TCOD:TP<40) wastewater. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results obtained to date.•Prefermentation increased both RBCOD, SBCOD and VFA content of septic domestic wastewater.•Prefermentation resulted in increased biological P removal for a highly septic, non-P limited (TCOD:TP<40:1) wastewater. However, in septic, P-limited (TCOD:TP>40:1) wastewater, changes in net P removal due to prefermentation were suppressed by limited P availability, even though P release and PHA content were affected.•Prefermentation increased specific anoxic denitrification rates for both COD and P-limited wastewaters, and in the pilot (COD-limited) study also coincided with greater system N removal.

Removing phosphorus with Ca-Fe oxide granules – a possible wetlands filter material

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Saaremäe ◽  
Martin Liira ◽  
Morten Poolakese ◽  
Toomas Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Batch Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Mass Unit ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
P Removal

Phosphorus (P) is one of the nutrients causing eutrophication in many of our waterways. In the present study, we investigated Sachtofer PR Ca-Fe oxide granules as a potential P sorption material (PSM) for constructed wetlands. We found the P sorption with various experiments as follows: the 24 h batch experiment with the highest initial concentration of 50 mgP L−1 yielded 0.48 mgP g−1 P removal per mass unit, the kinetic P removal batch experiment of 600 h duration yielded 1.25 mgP g−1, the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity estimated from the Langmuir equation yielded 23.78 mgP g−1, and the long term flow-through experiment with drainage ditch water yielded indicative saturated sorption of 1.4 mgP g−1. Flow-through experiments revealed that phosphate removal was rapid and the efficiency was 10–70%, depending on the retention time and age of granules. Possible weaknesses of this material for sorption filter systems were found to include the loss of mass caused by the rapid dissolution of gypsum, increased sulfate and calcium concentrations in the water, and rapidly changing hydraulic conductivity. Considering hydraulic and chemical properties, further pilot experiments are necessary to develop technical solutions for optimal use of Ca-Fe oxide granules in sorption filter systems at constructed wetlands.

Phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands: can suitable alternative media be identified?

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Arias ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
The Media ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
P Removal

Removal of phosphorous in constructed wetlands is limited by the capacity of the media to adsorb, bind or precipitate the incoming P. To enhance P removal and the life span of constructed wetlands the approach might be to use natural sands rich in calcium or iron, to use an alternative ‘artificial’ medium with high P-binding capacity, or to establish external P-binding filters after the wetland. Our studies focused on the evaluation of calcium-rich materials potentially useful as P-binding media. The materials tested included calcite products, natural sands and seashells. Tests included assessment of physical and chemical properties of the materials, extractions in P-spiked water at different P concentrations to determine P-binding equilibrium isotherms, and column experiments. In addition, full-scale tests were performed with calcite in an external filter. The result showed that equilibrium isotherm is an indicator of the potential P-sorption capacity of the media, although the value is of limited application for the determination of the binding capacity in full-scale systems. The columns showed that the materials do bind phosphorus. However, the binding capacities are still insufficient for the establishment of external P-removal filter; the volumes of the filters would be too large to be of practical use.

Efficiency of Drainage Practices for Improving Water Quality in Lithuania

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvydas Povilaitis ◽  
Aurelija Rudzianskaite ◽  
Stefanija Miseviciene ◽  
Valerijus Gasiunas ◽  
Otilija Miseckaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract. Artificial drainage is a common agricultural practice in Lithuania. In this country, the total drained land area occupies 47% of the total land area and 87% of the agricultural land area. Therefore, this article presents recent research findings on agricultural drainage in Lithuania related to the practices designed to reduce nutrient, i.e., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), losses from the soil via tile drainage and transport in open drains. Temporal changes in tile drainage flow over the last four decades are also discussed in this article. The results from experiments with controlled drainage practices in Lithuania showed promise. Compared to conventional drainage, controlled drainage reduced inorganic N by 42% to 77% and reduced total P by 34% to 72%. The reduced loads were the result of reduced drainage outflow. Moreover, research on the effects of additives in drainage trench backfills showed that woodchips, chopped straw, and lime additives mixed in the drainage trench backfill led to reductions in NO3-N concentrations of 78%, 69%, and 52%, respectively, in the drainage water. The addition of lime to drainage trench backfill reduced PO4-P concentrations in the drainage water by 39%, while woodchips and chopped straw increased the concentrations by 11% and 22%, respectively. It was determined that NO3-N in the drainage water was removed most effectively by woodchips and that PO4-P was removed most effectively by the addition of lime. The experiments with reactive filter materials used as in-ditch measures to remove phosphorus showed that the filter materials can be ranked as follows based on their P removal efficiencies: Polonite > slag > Filtralite-P > dolomite chips. Polonite had an advantage over the other tested materials due to its higher porosity, low sensitivity to clogging, and greater permeability. Laboratory-scale experiments using denitrification bioreactors filled with three types of woodchips (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed) showed no significant differences in NO3-N removal efficiency among the three materials. However, the tests showed that woodchip media are capable of achieving higher NO3-N removal rates due to higher flow rates. Therefore, better optimization and proper evaluation of the effects of hydraulic retention time are needed to improve the design of denitrifying woodchip bioreactors. Keywords: Agricultural drainage, Controlled drainage, Denitrifying bioreactors, Drainage trench backfills, In-ditch filters.

Pesticide Leaching Associated with Conventional Potato and Corn Production in Atlantic Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Milburn ◽  
D.A. Leger ◽  
H. O'Neill ◽  
J.E. Richards ◽  
J.A. MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Current Maximum ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract We employed field-scale tile drainage systems, private wells in farming areas, and research piezometers installed al field edge to evaluate nonpoint source impacts of four pesticides on groundwater quality. Nitrale-N was known to be teaching at all study sites. Herbicides dinoseb and metribuzin and the fungicide chlorothalonil were common to potato production; the herbicide atrazine was common to com production. Based on chemical properties, chlorothalonil is unlikely to leach, while atrazine, dinoseb and metribuzin are identified as potential leachers. In this study, chlorothalonil leaching was indeed very limited; only 4 of 66 tile drainage samples were positive, and al concentrations close to the detection limit (0.005 µg L−1). Chlorothalonil was not detected in any of the farm wells or research piezometers located in areas of intense potato production. Conversely, atrazine, dinoseb and metribuzin were confirmed as nonpoint source leachers. They were often detected in tile drainage water and have been detected in wells, but at mean annual concentrations less than current maximum acceptable concentrations for drinking water as established by Health and Welfare Canada.

scholarly journals Microstructural changes and the effect on myofibril proteins in yamu (Brycon amazonicus) fish meat during cold storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Castañeda ◽  
José Manuel Lozano ◽  
Héctor Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold storage on yamu fish meat (Brycon amazonicus). The methodology consisted of analyzing two temperatures (0±1.6°C and -8±1°C), two storage periods (13 and 61 hours) and two different sources (farm and river), and determine changes in the protein profile, micro structural, physical and chemical properties (water retention capacity-WRC, pH, texture of yamu meat fillets). The micro-structural changes were observed with optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the image analysis of the meat microstructure showed a negative effect from cold storage on the muscle, affecting the connective tissue. Otherwise, the analysis of protein profile demonstrated protein degradation during the cold storage of the yamu meat, such as for heavy chain myosin, actin and a-actinin. In addition, the origin of the fish and the storage temperature had a significant effect on the texture changes (P<0.05); meanwhile, the storage time had a significant effect on the three technological characteris tics of the meat (WRC, pH and texture) (P<0.05). The storage temperature did not significantly affect the WRC (P>0.05).

scholarly journals Decomposition of Plantain Peel Powder and Assessment of its Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Alla Kouadio Théodore ◽  
Gbeze Kpata Hermann Roland ◽  
Bomisso Edson Lezin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study aims at assessing the effects of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peel powder on soil physical and chemical properties in the context of sustainable yield management. The experiment took place in the laboratory of plant physiology of the University Félix Houphouët Boigny from July to November 2020. Three designs were set up. Design 1 consisted of 20 g of plantain peel powder added to a 2-cm thick layer of sea sand. Design 2 consisted of 5 g of plantain peel powder added to 250 g of sea sand. Design 3 consisted of a homogeneous mixture of 100 g of peel powder and 200 g of rhizospheric tomato or plantain soil. The designs were regularly watered with distilled water. In the first two designs, the plantain peel powder was added according to two methods. These included surface incorporation and deep incorporation. The experiment allowed us to characterize peel powder decomposition and assess its effects on soil physicochemical parameters. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soils were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA 1). STATICA 7.1 software was used to perform all the analyses. Analysis of the results showed that the incorporation method does not influence peel powder decomposition. This decomposition is followed by the release of colored elements. Water retention capacity as well as particle size were improved. The results showed that plantain peel powder is an important source of minerals mainly phosphorus and potassium. It emerges from this study that plantain peel could be a good organic fertilizer for profitable and environmentally friendly agriculture.

scholarly journals Coconut fiber biochar alters physical and chemical properties in sandy soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51801
Author(s):  
Simone Francieli Guarnieri ◽  
Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Ferreira Costa Junior ◽  
Jorge Luiz Brito de Faria ◽  
Francisco de Almeida Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Npk Fertilization

This work aimed to characterize the biochar produced from residues of coconut fruit and to evaluate how it might beneficially alter the retention capacity of water and nutrients in soils with a sandy texture. The biochar was produced in a retort furnace and later analyzed to determine its chemical and physical characteristics. Experiments to analyze the retention potential of the biochar for water and nutrients were performed in PVC columns filled to a 400 mm depth, with the upper 300 mm receiving treatments that consisted of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% (p p-1) biochar mixed with soil. For the nutrient retention experiment, in addition to the biochar concentrations, the treatments received the same NPK fertilization. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with four replications. The water retention in the upper 300 mm, as well as the pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of the substrate, base saturation, and concentrations of P and K, increased with increasing biochar concentration. Coconut biochar demonstrated potential for increasing water retention and improving nutrient retention in sandy soils.

scholarly journals Removal of Sulfur Dioxide by Carbon Impregnated with Triethylenediamine, Using Indigenously Developed Pilot Scale Setup

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Shaoor Kiani ◽  
Atif Ullah ◽  
Amjad Farooq ◽  
Masroor Ahmad ◽  
Naseem Irfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Breakthrough Time ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Organic Amine ◽  
Gas Removal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Maximum Removal ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract In order to provide protection against extremely toxic gases Activated Carbon (AC) adsorption has long been regarded to be a useful technology in terms of gas removal. AC without chemical impregnation has been considerably less effective than impregnated ACs. AC in present use was modified with an organic amine i.e. triethylenediamine (TEDA) to enhance the physical and chemical properties of AC in order to remove specific poisonous gases. Purpose of this study was to assess the TEDA impregnated AC in terms of adsorption capability for simulant gas like SO2. Analysis was done in a properly designed setup. By using the scheme reported here, significant adsorption of toxic gas was obtained. Maximum removal capability observed by AC-4 for SO2 gas was 3.74 g/g-C and its breakthrough time was 264 minutes. Breakthrough time and adsorption capacity of AC-4 was found to be 25 times and 10 times greater as compared to raw AC. Different characterization techniques were also used to study impregnated AC. It was found that chemical adsorption was the crucial means by which TEDA impregnated AC removed the simulant gas. Langmuir model was best to represent equilibrium and adsorption kinetics follow second order model. The process was endothermic, favorable and spontaneous.

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