scholarly journals Plastic mulch and nitrogen fertigation in growing vegetables modify soil temperature, water and nitrate dynamics: Experimental results and a modeling study

2016 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Davor Romić ◽  
Marija Romić ◽  
Josip Borošić ◽  
Lana Filipović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Modeling Study

Preparation of Copolymer Modified with Oxidized Starch and Dispersion Ability for Ferric Oxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Ji Cheng Xu ◽  
Xin Shan Rong ◽  
Xiao Rui Guo ◽  
Feng Xian Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Oxidized Starch ◽  
High Temperature Water ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Single Factor Experiment ◽  
Temperature Water

A series of copolymers modified with oxidized starch containing maleic anhydride (MA), styrene sulfonic sodium (SSS) and oxidized starch (OS) were synthesized by the free-radical polymerization. The polymerization is initiated by ammonium persulfate. The effects of content of monomer and initiator, reaction time, reaction temperature on dispersion ability for Fe2O3 were investigated by single factor experiment. The dispersion ability for Fe2O3 measured through UV spectroscopy was studied. The experimental results show that the copolymer has good dispersion ability for Fe2O3 when the mass proportion of monomers is OS:SSS:MA = 1:3:1, the mass fraction of initiator in total monomers is 10 %, reaction time is 5 h, and the reaction temperature is 70 oC. The morphology of the copolymer was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results indicate that the prepared copolymer modified with oxidized starch could be used in the corrosion inhibitor of high temperature water.

scholarly journals Weed Suppression in Pumpkin by Mulches Composed of Organic Municipal Waste Materials

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. Splawski ◽  
Emilie E. Regnier ◽  
S. Kent Harrison ◽  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
James D. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Squash Bug ◽  
Black Plastic

Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to compare mulch treatments of shredded newspaper, a combination of shredded newspaper plus turfgrass clippings (NP + grass), hardwood bark chips, black polyethylene plastic, and bare soil on weeds, insects, soil moisture, and soil temperature in pumpkins. Newspaper mulch or black plastic reduced total weed biomass ≥90%, and woodchip or NP + grass mulch each reduced total weed biomass 78% compared with bare soil under high rainfall conditions in 2011. In 2012, under low rainfall, all mulches reduced weed biomass 97% or more compared with bare soil. In both years, all mulches resulted in higher squash bug infestations than bare soil. The woodchip, newspaper, and NP + grass mulches retained higher soil moistures than bare soil or black plastic over the course of each growing season, and the woodchip and NP + grass mulches caused greatest fluctuations in soil temperature. Pumpkin yields were abnormally low in 2011 and did not differ among treatments. In 2012, all mulches produced greater total marketable pumpkin fruit weights compared with bare soil, but only black plastic, newspaper, and NP + grass mulches resulted in greater total numbers of marketable pumpkins. Overall results indicate that shredded newspaper or NP + grass mulches may be useful for organic and/or small-scale urban crop producers as sustainable alternatives to black plastic mulch; however, their weed suppression efficacy may require higher application rates with increasing moisture conditions, and they may require greater squash bug control measures than under bare soil conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Colored Plastic Mulch on Soil Temperature and Yield of Eastern Muskmelon in Indiana

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 760E-761
Author(s):  
Christopher Gunter* ◽  
Frankie Lam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Ground Treatment ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Green Olive ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Crop Maturity

Indiana ranks seventh in the nation for watermelon production and fifth in the nation in muskmelon production. Both of these crops are intensively managed and cultivation using plastic mulches is the industry standard in the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plastic mulches of various colors and breakdown properties on the yield and earliness of eastern muskmelons in southwestern Indiana in 2002 and 2003. In 2002, eight colors were used, black, clear, brown, green, olive, grey, blue, and red. In 2003, five colors were used, grey, black, blue, clear, and olive. A bare ground treatment was also included in 2003. Temperature information was also collected both above and below these plastics in attempt to relate that back to performance of the crop. In 2002, green and clear mulches produced more melon numbers and higher melon weights compared to other mulch colors, however this was not significantly different than the black control mulch. In 2003, olive mulch produced significantly higher melon number and weight than clear mulches. In 2003, early-breakdown clear mulches, designed to last only until canopy fill, produced significantly lower yields than early-breakdown black mulch. This appears to be due primarily to weed production initiated early under the clear mulch and subsequent weed growth after mulch was broken down. The effect of plastic mulch type and earliness to crop maturity is also explored.

Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon response to halosulfuron preplant over plastic mulch

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Taylor M. Randell ◽  
Jenna C. Vance ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Marketable Fruit

AbstractNutsedge species are problematic in plastic-mulched vegetable production because of the weed’s rapid reproduction and ability to penetrate the mulch. Vegetable growers rely heavily on halosulfuron to manage nutsedge species; however, the herbicide cannot be applied over mulch before vegetable transplanting due to potential crop injury. This can be problematic when multiple crops are produced on a single mulch installation. Field experiments were conducted to determine the response of broccoli, cabbage, squash, and watermelon to halosulfuron applied on top of mulch prior to transplanting. Halosulfuron at 80 g ai ha−1 was applied 21, 14, 7, and 1 d before planting (DBP), and 160 g ai ha−1 was applied 21 DBP. In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury. For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha−1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control. Reducing this interval increased injury for both crops. Visual crop injury and yield reductions up to 40% occurred, with halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBP in squash and 1 DBP in watermelon. Broccoli and cabbage showed greater sensitivity, with injury and plant diameter reductions greater than 15%, even with halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha−1 21 DBP. Experimental results confirm that halosulfuron binds to plastic mulch, remains active, and is slowly released from the mulch over a substantial period, during rainfall or overhead irrigation events. Extending the plant-back interval to at least 21 d before transplanting did overcome squash and watermelon injury concerns with halosulfuron at 80 g ha−1, but not broccoli and cabbage. Applying halosulfuron over mulch to control emerged nutsedge before planting squash and watermelon would be beneficial if adequate rainfall or irrigation and appropriate intervals between application and planting are implemented.

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