Alternate wetting and drying: A water-saving and ecofriendly rice production system

2020 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 106363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Usman Zulfiqar ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Nadeem Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Productivity and Agronomic Performance of Paddy Rice Through Water Saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primitiva Andrea Mboyerwa ◽  
Peter W. Mtakwa ◽  
Kibebew Kibret ◽  
Abebe Aschalew ◽  
Norman T. Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding

Tanzania with 945 million hectares of land area and annual rainfall of 300 mm on 67% of its territorial land is considered as a semi-dry region in the world. Rice production in Tanzania needs to be increased to feed a growing population, whereas water for irrigation is getting scarce. One way to decrease water consumption in paddy fields is to change the irrigation regime for rice production and to replace continuous flooding with alternate wetting and drying. In order to investigate the effect of different regimes of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water productivity of hybrid rice, two greenhouse pot experiments comprising soils from upland and lowland production ecologies were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania during crop seasons of 2019. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on randomized completely block design with 3 replications. Water regimes were the main factor comparing continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with nitrogen fertilizer levels as the sub-factor including absolute control , 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) improved water productivity in both upland and lowland production ecologies compared to CF. AWD increased yield under lowland production by 13.3% while in upland there was 18.5% decrease in yield. The average water use varied from 31.5 to 84 L pot-1 under upland trials, while in lowland trials it was 36 to 82.3 L. Higher yield and lower water application led to an increase in WP varying from 1.2 to 1.8 kg cm-3 under upland trials, and 0.6 to 1.5 kg cm-3 under lowland trials. The variation in water productivity among treatments was mainly due to the differences in the yield, water and nitrogen levels used in the production process. Both sets of trials recorded water saving up to 34.3% and 17.3% under lowland and upland trials, respectively. Under upland trials, the yield varied from 39.9 to 124.1 g pot-1 and in lowland trials yield ranged from 20.6 to 118.2 g pot-1 representing paddy rice. The measurements showed that less water can be used to produce more crops under alternative rice growing practices. The results are important for water-scarce areas, providing useful information to policy makers, farmers, agricultural departments, and water management boards in devising future climate-smart adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Sustainability of Rice Production at Baixo Mondego, Portugal

2022 ◽  
pp. 266-287
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Lorena Oliveira ◽  
Sergio Oliveira ◽  
António Terrão Russo ◽  
kiril bahcevandziev ◽  
Ana Bela M. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Dry Soil

This chapter aims to analyze the rice production system at the Baixo Mondego Valley to understand the main concerns. Field research and field trials were carried out to analyze rice production, marketing systems, and different irrigation alternatives. An analysis on the worries was made, and a correlational attempt was done. The results show a production system oriented by agri-environmental policies. The problems related with rice irrigation are water scarcity, environmental impacts on water quality, agroecosystems, and methane emissions. To reduce water demand, the alternate wetting and drying flooding method, and the improvement of the precise land levelling were studied on the scope of MEDWATERICE Project. About 12-14% of water saving was observed, with impact on production lower than 3.5%, allowing period of 11-19 days of dry soil, expecting positive implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Innovation in the irrigation system may help to reduce some of the farmers' concerns and help to better adapt this crop to the new needs of agriculture in terms of environmental competitiveness.

scholarly journals Intervention of molecular breeding in water saving rice production system: aerobic rice

3 Biotech ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar Meena ◽  
Nabin Bhusal ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar ◽  
Rajinder Jain ◽  
Sunita Jain
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Aerobic Rice

Innovative water-saving ground cover rice production system increases yield with slight reduction in grain quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 102795
Author(s):  
Lin Guo ◽  
Meiju Liu ◽  
Yueyue Tao ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Guoyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Slight Reduction

GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND AND LOWLAND RICE VARIETIES UNDER WATER SAVING IRRIGATION THROUGH ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING IN SANDY CLAY LOAMS OF SOUTHERN MALAWI

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. SHAIBU ◽  
H. R. MLOZA BANDA ◽  
C. N. MAKWIZA ◽  
J. CHIDANTI MALUNGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Significant Yield

SUMMARYA study was conducted to evaluate performance of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under water saving irrigation through alternate wetting and drying in sandy clay loams of Southern Malawi. The varieties, Nunkile and NERICA 4, are adapted to upland and lowland irrigated conditions, individually, and commonly grown by farmers. Four irrigation regimes were used in the study: (1) continuous flooding with surface water level kept at approximately 5 cm throughout crop duration (CFI), (2) alternate wetting and drying up to start of flowering after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD1), (3) alternate wetting and drying up to start of grain filling after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD2) and (4) alternate wetting and drying throughout the crop duration (AWD3). While seasonal crop water requirement was 690 mm, total irrigation depths were 1923.61, 1307.81, 1160.61 and 807.87 mm for the four regimes respectively. The CFI treatment used 32%, 40% and 58% more water than AWD1, AWD2, and AWD3 regimes respectively. In the same treatment order, the average yields per treatment for Nunkile were 4.92, 4.75, 4.74, and 4.47 t ha−1 with significant yield differences among CFI, AWD2 and AWD3 treatments. The average yields per treatment for NERICA 4 were 3.93, 3.75, 3.75, and 3.71 t ha−1 with significant yield differences only between CFI and all AWD treatments. Crop water productivity (CWP) was higher for Nunkile compared with NERICA 4 across all irrigation treatments, while CWP for CFI treatment was superior to all three AWD treatments grown under either variety. Thus, CWP was not increased with AWD irrigations. AWD till flowering and grain filling did not significantly differ with respect to yield and CWP. It is suggested that for similar conditions and where water is scarce, rice can be grown by AWD till grain filling as it saved more water. An important part of the research is to extend the initial results beyond the climate and soils of study.

scholarly journals Alternate wetting and drying reduces aquifer withdrawal in Mississippi rice production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 5115-5124
Author(s):  
R. Lee Atwill ◽  
L. Jason Krutz ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Bobby R. Golden ◽  
G. Dave Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Impact of the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water-saving irrigation technique: Evidence from rice producers in the Philippines

Food Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick M. Rejesus ◽  
Florencia G. Palis ◽  
Divina Gracia P. Rodriguez ◽  
Ruben M. Lampayan ◽  
Bas A.M. Bouman
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

scholarly journals Water Saving Irrigation in Rice Cultivation with Particular Reference to Alternate Wetting and Drying Method: An Overview

2010 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
MM Husain ◽  
M Shahe Alam ◽  
MH Kabir ◽  
AK Khan ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Irrigation Practice ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Irrigation Cost

In the context of global energy crisis and water scarcity, rice production system is undergoing changes with the strategy to produce more rice with lesser amount of water. Water saving technology has therefore, been developed and increasingly adopted to irrigate rice in different countries. Impact of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation as a water saving technique on rice yield, water productivity and environment has been overviewed in this paper. On-farm trials were conducted during the years 2007 and 2008 to validate the adaptability of AWD method of irrigation in Boro rice-variety BRRI dhan29. The trials were conducted at different locations of Gazipur, in which three farmers’ plots of rice were irrigated following AWD method, which were then compared with another 3 farmers’ plots of rice irrigated in conventional method maintaining 3-5 inches of standing water throughout. The trials have revealed that AWD method saved about 365 mm irrigation water (about 27%) over the conventional irrigation practice. However, there was no adverse effect of AWD- irrigation on grain yields of rice. AWD method as perceived by farmers, although reduced irrigation cost, resulted in more weed infestation and was associated with more weeding cost. Following the impressive results of the validation trials, the demonstrations were conducted in the farmers’ fields of different districts during boro 2009. In general, the demonstrations were successful to impress the farmers about AWD-irrigation as a water saving and low-cost irrigation method. However assurance of timely availability of irrigation is a precondition for farmers to adopt the technique and weed management using appropriate herbicides is necessary for adoption of the technology.

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