scholarly journals Water Saving Irrigation in Rice Cultivation with Particular Reference to Alternate Wetting and Drying Method: An Overview

2010 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
MM Husain ◽  
M Shahe Alam ◽  
MH Kabir ◽  
AK Khan ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Irrigation Practice ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Irrigation Cost

In the context of global energy crisis and water scarcity, rice production system is undergoing changes with the strategy to produce more rice with lesser amount of water. Water saving technology has therefore, been developed and increasingly adopted to irrigate rice in different countries. Impact of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation as a water saving technique on rice yield, water productivity and environment has been overviewed in this paper. On-farm trials were conducted during the years 2007 and 2008 to validate the adaptability of AWD method of irrigation in Boro rice-variety BRRI dhan29. The trials were conducted at different locations of Gazipur, in which three farmers’ plots of rice were irrigated following AWD method, which were then compared with another 3 farmers’ plots of rice irrigated in conventional method maintaining 3-5 inches of standing water throughout. The trials have revealed that AWD method saved about 365 mm irrigation water (about 27%) over the conventional irrigation practice. However, there was no adverse effect of AWD- irrigation on grain yields of rice. AWD method as perceived by farmers, although reduced irrigation cost, resulted in more weed infestation and was associated with more weeding cost. Following the impressive results of the validation trials, the demonstrations were conducted in the farmers’ fields of different districts during boro 2009. In general, the demonstrations were successful to impress the farmers about AWD-irrigation as a water saving and low-cost irrigation method. However assurance of timely availability of irrigation is a precondition for farmers to adopt the technique and weed management using appropriate herbicides is necessary for adoption of the technology.

GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND AND LOWLAND RICE VARIETIES UNDER WATER SAVING IRRIGATION THROUGH ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING IN SANDY CLAY LOAMS OF SOUTHERN MALAWI

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. SHAIBU ◽  
H. R. MLOZA BANDA ◽  
C. N. MAKWIZA ◽  
J. CHIDANTI MALUNGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Significant Yield

SUMMARYA study was conducted to evaluate performance of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under water saving irrigation through alternate wetting and drying in sandy clay loams of Southern Malawi. The varieties, Nunkile and NERICA 4, are adapted to upland and lowland irrigated conditions, individually, and commonly grown by farmers. Four irrigation regimes were used in the study: (1) continuous flooding with surface water level kept at approximately 5 cm throughout crop duration (CFI), (2) alternate wetting and drying up to start of flowering after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD1), (3) alternate wetting and drying up to start of grain filling after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD2) and (4) alternate wetting and drying throughout the crop duration (AWD3). While seasonal crop water requirement was 690 mm, total irrigation depths were 1923.61, 1307.81, 1160.61 and 807.87 mm for the four regimes respectively. The CFI treatment used 32%, 40% and 58% more water than AWD1, AWD2, and AWD3 regimes respectively. In the same treatment order, the average yields per treatment for Nunkile were 4.92, 4.75, 4.74, and 4.47 t ha−1 with significant yield differences among CFI, AWD2 and AWD3 treatments. The average yields per treatment for NERICA 4 were 3.93, 3.75, 3.75, and 3.71 t ha−1 with significant yield differences only between CFI and all AWD treatments. Crop water productivity (CWP) was higher for Nunkile compared with NERICA 4 across all irrigation treatments, while CWP for CFI treatment was superior to all three AWD treatments grown under either variety. Thus, CWP was not increased with AWD irrigations. AWD till flowering and grain filling did not significantly differ with respect to yield and CWP. It is suggested that for similar conditions and where water is scarce, rice can be grown by AWD till grain filling as it saved more water. An important part of the research is to extend the initial results beyond the climate and soils of study.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation Practices on Water Use Its Efficiency and Economic Yield in Rice Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
P. Kunjammal ◽  
Subbalakshmi Lokanadhan ◽  
S. Murali Krishnasamy ◽  
D. Jawahar ◽  
K. Ganesamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Irrigation Practice ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Practices

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural College & Research Institute, Coimbatore in research farm during samba season 2018-2019 to assess the water use  and its efficiency in different rice varieties comprising aromatic rice, land races, popular cultivars and recent released variety under modified irrigation practices. The experimental design was a split plot with three replications. The main plots with contionous flooding and modified irrigation practices and  sub plots with eight varieties as treatments viz., (S1) Kalanamak, (S2) Jeeragasamba, (S3) Kavuni, (S4) Mappilaisamba, (S5)Improved TNAU White ponni, (S6) Bhavani, (S7) CO 51 and (S8) CO 52. Irrigation practice of alternate wetting and drying, monitoring with field tube registered lower consumption of water (900 mm) with less number of irrigation(14), higher water use efficiency (7.3 kg ha-1mm-1) and water productivity (1682 lit.kg-1) in rice, compared to flood irrigation practices. In Sub plot with different rice varieties viz., aromatic, landraces, popular cultivar and recently released rice variety among these varieties the recent released variety CO52 recorded higher grain yield (6.6 t ha-1), compared to other varieties.

scholarly journals Water-Saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency for Irrigated Rice in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1117-1130
Author(s):  
Ngo Thanh Son ◽  
Nguyen Thu Ha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Placement Method ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of water-saving regimes and fertilizer application improvement on water productivity, N-use efficiency, and rice yield. The results showed that the tested water treatments did not have significant effects on the growth and development, yield components, and final grain yield, but water productivity was significantly increased from 1.28 kg grain m-3 (W0) water to 1.74 kg grain m-3 water (W1) and 1.94 kg grain m-3 water (W2). In addition, the percentage of total irrigation water saved from W1 and W2 were 25.24-44.52% compared to continuous flooding. Fertilizer deep placement (FDP) combined with organic compost significantly increased the grain yield of the tested hybrid rice variety. Average grain yield increased quickly from 2847 kg ha-1 with 0 kg N ha-1 to 5263 kg ha-1 with 120 kg N ha-1 under the fertilizer deep placement method. The highest total nitrogen uptake, agronomic nitrogen efficiency (ANE), and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) were obtained from alternate wetting and drying at a -20cm water depth and the fertilizer deep placement method (W1N2). In addition, it also gave the highest income in comparison with the other treatments. Therefore, alternate wetting and drying at a -20cm water depth and fertilizer deep placement method should be encouraged for implementation in other regions of Vietnam.

WATER SAVING, WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD OUTPUTS OF FINE-GRAIN RICE CULTIVARS UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND WATER-SAVING RICE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. JABRAN ◽  
E. ULLAH ◽  
M. HUSSAIN ◽  
M. FAROOQ ◽  
N. HAIDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Yield Penalty

SUMMARYIn this study, we compared the weed emergence, water input, water saving, water productivity, panicle sterility, yield outputs and economic returns of transplanting with alternate wetting and drying (TRAWD) and dry direct seeding (DSR) with transplanting under continuous flooding (TRCF) using three fine-grain rice cultivars: Super Basmati; Basmati 2000; and Shaheen Basmati. Higher weed infestation was recorded in DSR than in TRCF and TRAWD. Raising rice as TRAWD and DSR had considerable water savings but a lower grain yield than TRCF. High panicle sterility was primarily responsible for low grain yield in TRAWD and DSR systems. Nonetheless, water productivity was better in DSR and TRAWD than TRCF. Shaheen Basmati in the DSR system and Basmati 2000 in TRCF fetched the highest economic returns during 2008 and 2009, respectively. In conclusion, fine-grain rice cultivars can be grown in water-saving production systems (e.g. TRAWD and DSR); however, these water-saving production systems might incur a yield penalty.

scholarly journals Consumptive water footprints, water use efficiencies and productivities of rice under alternate wetting and drying for Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Biswas ◽  
D. R. Mailapalli ◽  
N. S. Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Consumptive Water

Abstract An experimental study was carried out with medium duration rice variety (IR 36) during kharif and rabi seasons of 2015/16 and 2016/17 to investigate the effect of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) practice on water use efficiency, productivity, and consumptive water footprints of rice. The performance of AWD practice was compared with the conventionally (CON) irrigated rice using non-weighing lysimeters. The study resulted that by managing the alternate wetting and drying up to 15 cm below the ground level, a significant reduction in water input (26–29% in kharif and 22–27% in rabi season) could be achieved under AWD. A reduction in evapotranspiration (about 6% in both kharif and rabi seasons) was also observed under AWD. Reduction in consumptive water footprint (about 2–3% in kharif and 2–5% in rabi) was obtained under AWD. Reductions in blue water footprints (7% in kharif and 4–5% in rabi) was also observed under AWD. On average, crop water use efficiency was significantly enhanced by 27–33% and 20–29% in the respective kharif and rabi seasons under AWD practice. Significant improvement in total water productivity by 29–37% and 23–35% in the respective two seasons exhibited the superiority of AWD over CON during the two years of field experiments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Productivity and Agronomic Performance of Paddy Rice Through Water Saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primitiva Andrea Mboyerwa ◽  
Peter W. Mtakwa ◽  
Kibebew Kibret ◽  
Abebe Aschalew ◽  
Norman T. Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding

Tanzania with 945 million hectares of land area and annual rainfall of 300 mm on 67% of its territorial land is considered as a semi-dry region in the world. Rice production in Tanzania needs to be increased to feed a growing population, whereas water for irrigation is getting scarce. One way to decrease water consumption in paddy fields is to change the irrigation regime for rice production and to replace continuous flooding with alternate wetting and drying. In order to investigate the effect of different regimes of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water productivity of hybrid rice, two greenhouse pot experiments comprising soils from upland and lowland production ecologies were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania during crop seasons of 2019. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on randomized completely block design with 3 replications. Water regimes were the main factor comparing continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with nitrogen fertilizer levels as the sub-factor including absolute control , 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) improved water productivity in both upland and lowland production ecologies compared to CF. AWD increased yield under lowland production by 13.3% while in upland there was 18.5% decrease in yield. The average water use varied from 31.5 to 84 L pot-1 under upland trials, while in lowland trials it was 36 to 82.3 L. Higher yield and lower water application led to an increase in WP varying from 1.2 to 1.8 kg cm-3 under upland trials, and 0.6 to 1.5 kg cm-3 under lowland trials. The variation in water productivity among treatments was mainly due to the differences in the yield, water and nitrogen levels used in the production process. Both sets of trials recorded water saving up to 34.3% and 17.3% under lowland and upland trials, respectively. Under upland trials, the yield varied from 39.9 to 124.1 g pot-1 and in lowland trials yield ranged from 20.6 to 118.2 g pot-1 representing paddy rice. The measurements showed that less water can be used to produce more crops under alternative rice growing practices. The results are important for water-scarce areas, providing useful information to policy makers, farmers, agricultural departments, and water management boards in devising future climate-smart adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Treadle pump: A low cost irrigation option for marginal farmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ATIQUR RAHMAN ◽  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA ◽  
BP BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Land Holdings

The population of marginal farmers in India is bound to increase due to continued division of farm holdings. Characteristically, marginal farmers are having more family labours but the production and productivity of their land holdings is low. The foremost reason behind this is the erratic rainfall and lack of assure supplementary irrigation during long dry spells. This paper presents the scope and applicability of a diaphragm based treadle pump in Bihar where groundwater is abundant and available at shallow depths round the year. Therefore, this pump could be very useful for marginal farmers in improving production and productivity of their tiny piece of land, as it uses human power and can be operated by male and female of age group 32- 45 years and lifts water from a depth ranging from 0- 30 feet. The water saving technologies such as bucket kit drum kit etc. could be used with this pump to irrigate the crops with high water productivity.

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