426: Adolescent cognitive and anxiety behavior in offspring following in utero exposure to increased trans unsaturated fatty acids through maternal diet

Abstract Background: Amount of fat and carbohydrate in maternal diet during gestation and lactation has permanent effects on fetal metabolism. SIRT1 is a nutrient-responsive histone deacetylase that modulates the lipid and glucose metabolism in response to energy stress and extends life span. Herein, we assessed the effects of carbohydrate and fat distribution in a maternal isocaloric diet on fetal gene and protein levels of SIRT1, as well as liver fatty acid profile. Twenty C57BL/6 female mice were inseminated and randomly received the AIN 93G isocaloric pair-fed LF-HC (16% and 64% of calorie as fat and carbohydrate) or HF-LC (48% and 32% of calorie as fat and carbohydrate) diet during gestation and lactation. After weaning, all offspring received LF-HC diet up to the adolescence. Liver tissue were extracted for final analysis. Results: SIRT1 gene and protein levels were lower in both sexes born from HF-LC-fed mothers than LF-HC-fed one, significant differences were only observed between males in the gene expression (p<0.001) and females in protein level (p<0.001). Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were increased while unsaturated fatty acids decreased at the liver of male and female offspring born from HF-LC-fed mothers (p<0.001). Conclusions: Maternal dietary fat and carbohydrate distribution, regardless of calorie intake, modify the offspring hepatic fatty acid profile, as well as SIRT1 gene and protein expression which effects on life span.

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Determination of trans unsaturated fatty acids in edible oils and fats by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (Technical Report)

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac199769081829 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 1829-1838 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Dieffenbacher ◽

P. Dysseler

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Technical Report ◽

Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids

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Occurrence of trans-Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Horse Fæces

Nature ◽

10.1038/1781057b0 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 178 (4541) ◽

pp. 1057-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. HARTMAN ◽

F. B. SHORLAND ◽

R. J. MOIR

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids

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Influence of sulfonated and diet-derived human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune markers

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.ra119.011351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 295 (12) ◽

pp. 4035-4048 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Candice Quin ◽

Sara D. Vicaretti ◽

Nina A Mohtarudin ◽

Alexander M. Garner ◽

Deanna M. Vollman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Milk Fatty Acids

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the development of the neonatal intestinal, immune, and nervous systems and has recently received considerable attention. Here we investigated how the maternal diet affects HMO biosynthesis and how any diet-induced HMO alterations influence the infant gut microbiome and immunity. Using capillary electrophoresis and MS-based analyses, we extracted and measured HMOs from breast milk samples and then correlated their levels with results from validated 24-h diet recall surveys and breast milk fatty acids. We found that fruit intake and unsaturated fatty acids in breast milk were positively correlated with an increased absolute abundance of numerous HMOs, including 16 sulfonated HMOs we identified here in humans for the first time. The diet-derived monosaccharide 5-N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) was unambiguously detected in all samples. To gain insights into the potential impact of Neu5Gc on the infant microbiome, we used a constrained ordination approach and identified correlations between Neu5Gc levels and Bacteroides spp. in infant stool. However, Neu5Gc was not associated with marked changes in infant immune markers, in contrast with sulfonated HMOs, whose expression correlated with suppression of two major Th2 cytokines, IL-10 and IL-13. The findings of our work highlight the importance of maternal diet for HMO biosynthesis and provide as yet unexplored targets for future studies investigating interactions between HMOs and the intestinal microbiome and immunity in infants.

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