scholarly journals Influence of sulfonated and diet-derived human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (12) ◽  
pp. 4035-4048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Quin ◽  
Sara D. Vicaretti ◽  
Nina A Mohtarudin ◽  
Alexander M. Garner ◽  
Deanna M. Vollman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the development of the neonatal intestinal, immune, and nervous systems and has recently received considerable attention. Here we investigated how the maternal diet affects HMO biosynthesis and how any diet-induced HMO alterations influence the infant gut microbiome and immunity. Using capillary electrophoresis and MS-based analyses, we extracted and measured HMOs from breast milk samples and then correlated their levels with results from validated 24-h diet recall surveys and breast milk fatty acids. We found that fruit intake and unsaturated fatty acids in breast milk were positively correlated with an increased absolute abundance of numerous HMOs, including 16 sulfonated HMOs we identified here in humans for the first time. The diet-derived monosaccharide 5-N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) was unambiguously detected in all samples. To gain insights into the potential impact of Neu5Gc on the infant microbiome, we used a constrained ordination approach and identified correlations between Neu5Gc levels and Bacteroides spp. in infant stool. However, Neu5Gc was not associated with marked changes in infant immune markers, in contrast with sulfonated HMOs, whose expression correlated with suppression of two major Th2 cytokines, IL-10 and IL-13. The findings of our work highlight the importance of maternal diet for HMO biosynthesis and provide as yet unexplored targets for future studies investigating interactions between HMOs and the intestinal microbiome and immunity in infants.

scholarly journals Low Diversity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides is Associated with Necrotising Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wejryd ◽  
Magalí Martí ◽  
Giovanna Marchini ◽  
Anna Werme ◽  
Baldvin Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

Difference in human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) composition in breast milk may be one explanation why some preterm infants develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) despite being fed exclusively with breast milk. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of 15 dominant HMOs in breast milk during the neonatal period and investigate how their levels correlated to NEC, sepsis, and growth in extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) infants who were exclusively fed with breast milk. Milk was collected from 91 mothers to 106 infants at 14 and 28 days and at postmenstrual week 36. The HMOs were analysed with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The HMOs diversity and the levels of Lacto-N-difucohexaose I were lower in samples from mothers to NEC cases, as compared to non-NEC cases at all sampling time points. Lacto-N-difucohexaose I is only produced by secretor and Lewis positive mothers. There were also significant but inconsistent associations between 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose and culture-proven sepsis and significant, but weak correlations between several HMOs and growth rate. Our results suggest that the variation in HMO composition in breast milk may be an important factor explaining why exclusively breast milk fed ELBW infants develop NEC.

scholarly journals Efforts to emulate human milk oligosaccharides

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (S1) ◽  
pp. S74-S79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa María Espinosa ◽  
Martha Taméz ◽  
Pedro Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Chemical Structures

Research on human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) began with the characterisation of their chemical structures and is now focused on the elucidation of their biological roles. Previously, biological effects could only be investigated with fractions or structures isolated from breast milk; consequently, clinical observations were limited to comparisons between outcomes from breast-fed infants and their formula-fed counterparts. In some cases, it was inferred that the observed differences were caused by the presence of HMO in breast milk. Presently, analytical techniques allow for the fast analysis of milk samples, thus providing insights on the inherent variability of specimens. In addition, methods for the synthesis of HMO have provided single structures in sufficient quantities to perform clinical studies with oligosaccharide-supplemented formulae. Furthermore, studies have been conducted with non-mammalian oligosaccharides with the purpose of assessing the suitability of these structures to functionally emulate HMO. Taken together, these developments justify summarising current knowledge on HMO to further discussions on efforts to emulate human milk in regard to its oligosaccharide content. The present account summarises published data and intends to provide an historical context and to illustrate the state of the field.

scholarly journals New strategies for profiling and characterization of human milk oligosaccharides

Glycobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 774-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Porfirio ◽  
Stephanie Archer-Hartmann ◽  
G Brett Moreau ◽  
Girija Ramakrishnan ◽  
Rashidul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Human breast milk is an incredibly rich and complex biofluid composed of proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates, including a diverse repertoire of free human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Strikingly, HMOs are not digested by the infant but function as prebiotics for bacterial strains associated with numerous benefits. Considering the broad variety of beneficial effects of HMOs, and the vast number of factors that affect breast milk composition, the analysis of HMO diversity and complexity is of utmost relevance. Using human milk samples from a cohort of Bangladeshi mothers participating in a study on malnutrition and stunting in children, we have characterized breast milk oligosaccharide composition by means of permethylation followed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. This approach identified over 100 different glycoforms and showed a wide diversity of milk composition, with a predominance of fucosylated and sialylated HMOs over nonmodified HMOs. We observed that these samples contain on average 80 HMOs, with the highest permethylated masses detected being &gt;5000 mass units. Here we report an easily implemented method developed for the separation, characterization and relative quantitation of large arrays of HMOs, including higher molecular weight sialylated HMOs. Our ultimate goal is to create a simple, high-throughput method, which can be used for full characterization of sialylated and/or fucosylated HMOs. These results demonstrate how current analytical techniques can be applied to characterize human milk composition, providing new tools to help the scientific community shed new light on the impact of HMOs during infant development.

scholarly journals Human milk fatty acids and growth of infants in Brazzaville (The Congo) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Rocquelin ◽  
S Tapsoba ◽  
J Kiffer ◽  
S Eymard-Duvernay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractObjective:Objective: To estimate the role of human milkn-6 andn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in term infant growth in two African urban populations.Design:Observational study. Weight gains at 5 months of age and dietary habits were compared between Congolese infants (n=102) and Burkinabè infants (n=101). Socio-economic status and anthropometry of the mothers were also recorded.Setting:One suburban district in Brazzaville (capital of The Congo) and one in Ouagadougou (capital of Burkina Faso).Subjects:Two random samples of nursing mothers and their 5-month-old infants.Results:All infants were born at term and there was no difference in birth weights. At 5 months of age, infants in Ouagadougou were thinner but not shorter than their counterparts in Brazzaville (average weight gain (standard deviation): 614 (168) g month-1vs. 720 (176) g month-1;P>0.0001). Drastic differences were found in infant diets with regard to extra fluid intake andn-6 andn-3 PUFA concentrations in breast milk. In Ouagadougou, all infants were given fluids other than milk from birth. Breast milk had highly unbalanced 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 andn-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratios (53:1 and 5:1, respectively). In Brazzaville, half of the infants received fluids other than milk, and breast milk showed balanced 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 andn-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratios (12:1 and 1:1, respectively). A non-linear relationship between 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio and growth was established in Brazzaville (P=0.0027). The 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio adjusted with covariates had an even more significant effect on weight gain (P=0.0011). Applying the same model in Ouagadougou did not show such a relation.Conclusion:Data strongly suggest that a balanced ratio of 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 (between 5:1 and 15:1) in breast milk leads to higher weight gain of infants during the first 5 months of life.

481 HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES MODULATE THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME OF HEALTHY ADULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-94
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Jacobs ◽  
Martin Lee ◽  
David Rechtman ◽  
Adam Sun ◽  
Chloe Autran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

scholarly journals Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharides Are Stable Over One-Week of Lactation and Over Six-Hours Following a Standardized Meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 719-719
Author(s):  
Paige Berger ◽  
Jasmine Plows ◽  
Roshonda Jones ◽  
Tanya Alderete ◽  
Kelsey Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
University Of Oklahoma ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Oklahoma Health

Abstract Objectives Our prior studies revealed that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have numerous health benefits for nursing infants, and can also change dynamically over 24 months of lactation. However, the extent to which HMOs vary over days of time and also in response to acute factors such as maternal diet has not been established. The aims of this study were to determine the stability of HMO concentrations over 7-days, and in response to a standardized meal and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) over 6-hours. Methods Lactating mothers were enrolled at 6 weeks. Participants received in-person instructions and materials to complete procedures at home. In the first experiment (N = 11), mothers pumped a fasted sample of human milk at 7:00 AM for 7-consecutive days. In the second experiment (N = 33), mothers pumped a fasted sample of human milk at 6:00 AM. Mothers then consumed a standardized meal plus SSB provided by the study team. Thereafter, mothers pumped a non-fasted sample every hour for 6-consecutive hours. Samples were analyzed for nineteen HMOs. One-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test changes in HMOs. Results There were no significant changes in any of the HMOs over 7-consecutive days, including 2’-fucosyllactose (2’FL) (interaction, P = 0.99), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) (interaction, P = 0.36), disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) (interaction, P = 0.99), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) (interaction, P = 0.90). Further, there were no significant changes in any of the HMOs following a standardized meal plus SSB, as 2’FL (interaction, P = 0.12), LNFPI (interaction, P = 0.95), DSLNT (interaction, P = 0.66), and LNnT (interaction, P = 0.67) did not change in response to the diet intervention over 6-consecutive hours. Conclusions Our findings reveal that HMOs are stable over one-week during early lactation, and are not acutely affected by maternal food and SSB consumption. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (HD098288, HD080444, and DK056341); Harold Hamm Diabetes Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.

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