Carbohydrate-Binding Agents (CBAs) Potently Inhibit HIV Infection In Human Primary Monocytes/Macrophages and Efficiently Prevent Viral Capture and Subsequent Transmission to CD+4 T Lymphocytes

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, as it does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patients were found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225; p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stage I HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from May to July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patient is able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIV infection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stage I HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocyte counts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportional to the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts

Download Full-text

Carbohydrate-Binding Agents: Potential of Repurposing for COVID-19 Therapy

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721666200918153717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 1085-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajesh Kumar Gupta ◽

Girish R. Apte ◽

Kiran Bharat Lokhande ◽

Satyendra Mishra ◽

Jayanta K. Pal

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development ◽

Host Cells ◽

Carbohydrate Binding ◽

Atypical Pneumonia ◽

The Novel ◽

High Infection ◽

Binding Agents ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Antiviral Activities ◽

Novel Drug

: With the emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the whole world is suffering from atypical pneumonia, which resulted in more than 559,047 deaths worldwide. In this time of crisis and urgency, the only hope comes from new candidate vaccines and potential antivirals. However, formulating new vaccines and synthesizing new antivirals are a laborious task. Therefore, considering the high infection rate and mortality due to COVID-19, utilization of previous information, and repurposing of existing drugs against valid viral targets have emerged as a novel drug discovery approach in this challenging time. The transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses (CoVs), which facilitates the virus’s entry into the host cells, exists in a homotrimeric form and is covered with N-linked glycans. S glycoprotein is known as the main target of antibodies having neutralizing potency and is also considered as an attractive target for therapeutic or vaccine development. Similarly, targeting of N-linked glycans of S glycoprotein envelope of CoV via carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) could serve as an attractive therapeutic approach for developing novel antivirals. CBAs from natural sources like lectins from plants, marine algae and prokaryotes and lectin mimics like Pradimicin-A (PRM-A) have shown antiviral activities against CoV and other enveloped viruses. However, the potential use of CBAs specifically lectins was limited due to unfavorable responses like immunogenicity, mitogenicity, hemagglutination, inflammatory activity, cellular toxicity, etc. Here, we reviewed the current scenario of CBAs as antivirals against CoVs, presented strategies to improve the efficacy of CBAs against CoVs; and studied the molecular interactions between CBAs (lectins and PRM-A) with Man9 by molecular docking for potential repurposing against CoVs in general, and SARSCoV- 2, in particular.

Download Full-text

Inhibition of infection and transmission of HIV-1 and lack of significant impact on the vaginal commensal lactobacilli by carbohydrate-binding agents

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkt152 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 2026-2037 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. I. Petrova ◽

L. Mathys ◽

S. Lebeer ◽

S. Noppen ◽

E. J. M. Van Damme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Binding ◽

Binding Agents ◽

Hiv 1

Download Full-text

NEOPTERIN AND CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTES IN STAGE I HIV INFECTION (Neopterin dan Limfosit T-CD4+ di Infeksi HIV Stadium I)

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v22i3.1246 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Harianah Harianah ◽

Endang Retnowati ◽

Erwin Astha Triyono

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Stage I ◽

Guanosine Triphosphate ◽

Stadium I

Aktivasi sistem imun memegang peran yang sangat penting di infeksi HIV. Hal ini dapat diketahui dengan salah satu pengukuranneopterin dalam cairan tubuh manusia sebagai pemeriksaan untuk pemantauan aktivitas imun seluler, yang dapat dikerjakan denganmudah dan peka. Neopterin merupakan hasil katabolik guanosine triphosphate (GTP), yaitu nukleotida purin tertentu, yang memilikigolongan kimiawi yang dikenal sebagai pteridin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan kenasaban antara kadarneopterin dan jumlah limfosit T-CD4+ darah di pasien HIV. Penelitian bersifat analitik pengamatan dengan rancangan potong lintang.Sampel terdiri dari 32 pasien yang terinfeksi HIV stadium I yang datang di Unit Perawatan Intermediit Penyakit Infeksi RSUD Dr.Soetomo Surabaya antara bulan Juli−September 2014. Pemeriksaan neopterin dengan metode ELISA dan memeriksa jumlah limfositT-CD4+ menggunakan metode flowcytometry (BD FACSCaliburTM). Hasil menganalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji kenasaban dariPearson dan dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi. Kadar neopterin penderita yang terinfeksi HIV cenderung meningkat dengan rerata 14,74nmol/L sedangkan jumlah limfosit T-CD4+ menurun dengan rerata 231,81 sel/μL. Keberadaan kenasaban negatif antara neopterindan limfosit T-CD4+ darah di infeksi HIV stadium I. Penurunan limfosit T-CD4+ disertai peningkatan kadar neopterin di pasien yangterinfeksi HIV stadium I.

Download Full-text