Single and combined Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst deactivation by iron and calcium metal–organic contaminants

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 854-855

Author(s):

Clifford S. Rainey

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Catalyst Deactivation ◽

Coke Formation ◽

Acid Sites ◽

Y Zeolite ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽

High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

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Adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ Ions on to Waste Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1177/026361749801600802 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 595-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tang Yubin ◽

Chen Fangyan ◽

Zhang Honglin

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Metallic Ions ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Adsorption Models ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽

Adsorption Data ◽

Exchange Adsorption

Batch adsorption experiments of Pb2+ Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions on to waste fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst were performed. The results obtained indicate that adsorption time, temperature and pH were the main factors influencing the adsorptive capacities. The adsorption data for each ion were well described by the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models. The mechanisms for the adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions on to waste FCC catalyst involved ion-exchange adsorption of the three kinds of heavy metallic ions studied or the formation of hydroxo complexes. Under the experimental conditions employed, the removal of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions attained values of 97.0%, 90.5% and 91.5%. respectively. In addition, dynamic adsorption of the respective ions on to a column of FCC catalyst was investigated together with studies of the regeneration of the adsorbent. The results of such column tests showed that Pb2+ ions can be effectively removed from aqueous solutions by waste FCC catalyst in a packed bed. The adsorbent was easily regenerated by the use of a flow of hydrochloric acid through the packed bed under the experimental conditions employed.

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BASF introduces Altrium Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst to increase transportation fuel yields

Focus on Catalysts ◽

10.1016/j.focat.2020.10.018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (11) ◽

pp. 4

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Transportation Fuel ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking

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Catalytic Cracking of Plastic Pyrolysis Waxes with Vacuum Gasoil: Effect of HZSM-5 Zeolite in the FCC Catalyst

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.2202/1542-6580.1338 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Iker Torre ◽

Jose M. Arandes ◽

Pedro Castano ◽

Miren Azkoiti ◽

Javier Bilbao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Vacuum Gasoil ◽

Gasoline Fraction ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Commercial Catalyst ◽

Flash Pyrolysis ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking

Catalytic cracking of waste plastics is an interesting option for selectively recovering raw materials or for obtaining fuels. In this paper, a new recycling strategy is proposed, which consists of upgrading the waxes obtained by flash pyrolysis of polyolefins in a FCC (Fluidized Catalytic Cracking) unit. The waxes have been obtained by flash pyrolysis of polypropylene at 500 ºC and they have been dissolved (20 wt% wax) in the vacuum gasoil (VGO) of a FCC unit. The runs have been carried out in a CREC-UWO Riser Simulator Reactor (atmospheric pressure; 500-550 ºC; C/O = 5.5; contact times, 3-12 s). A commercial catalyst and a hybrid one (containing HZSM-5 zeolite) have been used. The cracking of the mixture leads to higher yield of gasoline than in the cracking of VGO with a higher content of olefins. The results of the effect of the operating conditions (temperature and contact time) are qualitatively similar to those corresponding to standard feed. Consequently, no difficulties inherent to the presence of waxes in the feed are expected in the treatment of mixtures at industrial conditions. The presence of HZSM-5 zeolite in the catalyst causes a significant increase in the amount of LPG (especially C3-C4 olefins), at the expense of a decrease in the gasoline fraction, whose RON is 1-2 points higher than that corresponding to the commercial catalyst. The gasoline obtained also has a higher content of olefins (especially C5-C7) and benzene at the expense of a decrease in the amount of C6-C10 i-paraffins.

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BASF introduces Fourtune Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst to deliver more butylene for refiners

Focus on Catalysts ◽

10.1016/j.focat.2020.05.015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (6) ◽

pp. 3

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking

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Catalyst/Feedstock Ratio Effect on FCC Using Different Catalysts Samples

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9060542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 542

Author(s):

Abdualkaber Alkhlel ◽

Hugo de Lasa

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Catalyst Deactivation ◽

Coke Formation ◽

Chemical Reactor ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽

Ammonia Desorption ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

Fcc Catalysts ◽

Engineering Centre

The present study is a follow-up to a recent authors contribution which describes the effect of the C/O (catalyst/oil) ratio on catalytic cracking activity and catalyst deactivation. This study, while valuable, was limited to one fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. The aim of the present study is to consider the C/O effect using three FCC catalysts with different activities and acidities. Catalysts were characterized in terms of crystallinity, total acidity, specific surface Area (SSA), temperature programmed ammonia desorption (NH3-TPD), and pyridine chemisorption. 1,3,5-TIPB (1,3,5-tri-isopropyl benzene) catalytic cracking runs were carried out in a bench-scale mini-fluidized batch unit CREC (chemical reactor engineering centre) riser simulator. All data were taken at 550 °C with a contact time of 7 s. Every experiment involved 0.2 g of 1,3,5-TIPB with the amount of catalyst changing in the 0.12–1 g range. The resulting 0.6–5 g oil/g cat ratios showed a consistent 1,3,5-TIPB conversion increasing first, then stabilizing, and finally decreasing modestly. On the other hand, coke formation and undesirable benzene selectivity always rose. Thus, the reported results show that catalyst density affects both catalyst coking and deactivation, displaying an optimum C/O ratio, achieving maximum hydrocarbon conversions in FCC units.

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Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Microstructure as Determined by A Scanning Ion Microprobe

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135113 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 302-303

Author(s):

J.K. Lampert ◽

G.S. Koermer ◽

J.M. Macaoy ◽

J.M. Chabala ◽

R. Levi-Setti

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Ion Microprobe ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽

Ion Probe ◽

Silica Alumina ◽

Resolution Imaging ◽

The University ◽

High Spatial Resolution Imaging

We have used high spatial resolution imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to differentiate mineralogical phases and to investigate chemical segregations in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst particles. The oil industry relies on heterogeneous catalysis using these catalysts to convert heavy hydrocarbon fractions into high quality gasoline and fuel oil components. Catalyst performance is strongly influenced by catalyst microstructure and composition, with different chemical reactions occurring at specific types of sites within the particle. The zeolitic portions of the particle, where the majority of the oil conversion occurs, can be clearly distinguished from the surrounding silica-alumina matrix in analytical SIMS images.The University of Chicago scanning ion microprobe (SIM) employed in this study has been described previously. For these analyses, the instrument was operated with a 40 keV, 10 pA Ga+ primary ion probe focused to a 30 nm FWHM spot. Elemental SIMS maps were obtained from 10×10 μm2 areas in times not exceeding 524s.

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