A Model of Catalytic Cracking: Product Distribution and Catalyst Deactivation Depending on Saturates, Aromatics and Resins Content in Feed

The problems of catalyst deactivation and optimization of the mixed feedstock become more relevant when the residues are involved as a catalytic cracking feedstock. Through numerical and experimental studies of catalytic cracking, we optimized the composition of the mixed feedstock in order to minimize the catalyst deactivation by coke. A pure vacuum gasoil increases the yields of the wet gas and the gasoline (56.1 and 24.9 wt%). An increase in the ratio of residues up to 50% reduces the gasoline yield due to the catalyst deactivation by 19.9%. However, this provides a rise in the RON of gasoline and the light gasoil yield by 1.9 units and 1.7 wt% Moreover, the ratio of residue may be less than 50%, since the conversion is limited by the regenerator coke burning ability.

Comparison the Results of the Efficiency of the Simulation the Rectification Processes Using Real and Pseudocomponents

Today the stable work of a petrochemical plant and its installations, as well as its efficiency, mostly depends on the reliable and optimal operation of technological equipment. It is very common that technological equipment complexes do not work in an optimal mode, despite the fact that they are controlled by modern automated control systems. If the equipment is stopped for any reason, then no best technology or management systems can compensate for the economic costs and losses that arise in the event of equipment downtime. The solution to this problem is to create computer models that allow you to cover the technological equipment from a single point of view and conduct a number of necessary experiments without resorting to existing equipment. The computer model of the rectification unit is implemented when modeling the section of the technological scheme for the production of liquid fuel of the vacuum gasoil hydrocracking unit.

Forecasting the quality of mineral oils during oil refining according to the fuel and oil flow chart at Atyrau Refinery

The article discusses the problem of rational oil refining at Atyrau Refinery. Based on a detailed study of the properties of low-sulfur oils of Kazakhstan, in order to assess the potential for the selection of petroleum oils, effective refining methods with modern technologies are shown. A graph is given that allows us to assess the raw mate-rial potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan for lube fractions of oil. The potential reserve of the considered deposits can fully meet the needs of the Republic in oils. The physical and chemical properties of crude oil sup-plied to Atyrau refinery, with a view to their use as raw materi-als for the oil refining and production. The results of experiments on hydrocracking of the plant’s vacuum gasoil are also presented, indicating that this refining option allows you to obtain not only light distillates (gasoline and diesel fuel), but also excellent base oils. This can significantly advance the oil refining in the enterprise as a whole. On the basis of experimental studies, the correlation dependence of the viscosity index on the hydrocarbon-type composition of oils was revealed, which allows predicting the quality of the resulting product.

Studying the Regularities and Development of a Model of the Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking Process

In this work, the regularities of the vacuum gasoil hydrocracking process were studied, which include: determination of the key components of the reacting mixture and key reactions, studying the thermodynamic regularities, identification of the regularities of the influence of technological parameters on the transformation of the key reacting components. The model of the process was developed.

A Hybrid FCC/HZSM-5 Catalyst for the Catalytic Cracking of a VGO/Bio-Oil Blend in FCC Conditions

The performance of a commercial FCC catalyst (designated as CY) and a physically mixed hybrid catalyst (80 wt.% CY and 20 wt.% HZSM-5-based catalyst, designated as CH) have been compared in the catalytic cracking of a vacuum gasoil (VGO)/bio-oil blend (80/20 wt.%) in a simulated riser reactor (C/O, 6gcatgfeed−1; t, 6 s). The effect of cracking temperature has been studied on product distribution (carbon products, water, and coke) and product lumps: CO+CO2, dry gas, liquified petroleum gases (LPG), gasoline, light cycle oil (LCO), heavy cycle oil (HCO), and coke. Using the CH catalyst, the conversion of the bio-oil oxygenates is ca. 3 wt.% higher, while the conversion of the hydrocarbons in the mixture is lower, yielding more carbon products (83.2–84.7 wt.% on a wet basis) and less coke (3.7–4.8 wt.% on a wet basis) than the CY catalyst. The CH catalyst provides lower gasoline yields (30.7–32.0 wt.% on a dry basis) of a less aromatic and more olefinic nature. Due to gasoline overcracking, enhanced LPG yields were also obtained. The results are explained by the high activity of the HZSM-5 zeolite for the cracking of bio-oil oxygenates, the diffusional limitations within its pore structure of bulkier VGO compounds, and its lower activity towards hydrogen transfer reactions.